Chapter 21: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems Connect HW

Question 1

When the body acquires antibodies from another person or an animal that has developed its own immunity to the pathogen, this type of immunity is classified as

Answer 1

passive immunity

Question 2

is an abnormal elevation in body temperature NOT due to failed thermoregulation

Answer 2

Fever

Question 3

The thymus is considered part of several body systems. Name these.

Answer 3

• endocrine system
• lymphatic system
• immune system

Question 4

A person develops resistance to a virus picked up from a drinking fountain

Answer 4

Natural Active Immunity

Question 5

A person is given an attenuated smallpox virus and develops resistance

Answer 5

Artificial Active Immunity

Question 6

A baby acquires resistance to a virus through antibodies obtained through breast milk

Answer 6

Natural Passive Immunity

Question 7

An antibody is injected into a person who has been bitten by a snake. The antibody infers resistance.

Answer 7

Artificial Passive Immunity

Question 8

The ______ line of defense is the immune system, which not only defeats a pathogen but leaves the body with a “memory” of it, enabling us to defeat it so quickly in future encounters that the pathogen no longer causes no illness

Answer 8

third

Question 9

Identify the body’s largest lymphatic organ, located in the left hypochondriac region

Answer 9

spleen

Question 10

The type of defense that requires prior exposure to a pathogen, and provides future protection future against that pathogen, is called ________ defense.

Answer 10

specific

Question 11

List cells that function as antigen presenting cells

Answer 11

• B cells
• dendritic cells
• macrophages

Question 12

Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies secreted by ________ cells

Answer 12

B

Question 13

List the correct order of lymphatic flow through a lymph node

Answer 13

• afferent lymphatic vessel
• subcapsular sinus of the cortex
• sinuses of cortex and medulla
• efferent lymphatic vessel

Question 14

The type of defense that guards against a broad range of pathogens is ________ resistance

Answer 14

nonspecific

Question 15

Name the group of cells that phagocytize and display antigenic fragments on their surface, allowing recognition by other cells of the immune system

Answer 15

APC

Question 16

List the features of the tonsils

Answer 16

• tonsillar crypts
• an incomplete fibrous capsule
• lymphatic nodules

Question 17

List the features of the skin that offer immunoprotection

Answer 17

• continuous barrier to the external environment, presence of lactic acid, presence of defensins

Question 18

Any large molecule capable triggering an immune response is called an

Answer 18

antigen

Question 19

Follow the flow of lymphatic fluid in the correct order beginning with the blood capillaries:

Answer 19

1. blood capillaries (blood)
2. interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid)
3. lymphatic capillaries (lymph)
4. lymphatic vessels (lymph)
5. lymphatic ducts (lymph)
6. internal jugular and subclavian vein junction (blood)

Question 20

The first line of defense against pathogens consists of:

Answer 20

external barriers

Question 21

What are the main functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 21

• absorption of lipids
• fluid recovery from tissues
• immunity

Question 22

The second line of defense against pathogens consists of:

Answer 22

antimicrobial proteins, leukocytes, and macrophages

Question 23

Name the cells that release inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and heparin

Answer 23

• mast cells

- basophils

Question 24

List three examples of microbial proteins

Answer 24

• complement
• defensins
• interferon

Question 25

Distinct connective tissue capsules are found surrounding the lymphatic _________

Answer 25

organs

Question 26

Name the cells that produce the stroma of lymphatic organs

Answer 26

reticular cells

Question 27

In ______ _______ immunity, the body makes its own antibodies or T cells against a pathogen

Answer 27

natural active

Question 28

The function of a lacteal

Answer 28

absorb triglycerides and other lipids from digested food

Question 29

_______ T cells perform a central coordinating role in both humoral and cellular immunity

Answer 29

Helper

Question 30

List 3 secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 30

- lymph nodes - spleen - tonsils

Question 31

List the functions of a lymph node

Answer 31

- site of B and T cell activation | - filtration of lymph

Question 32

A small organ found along the course of a lymphatic vessel that filters the lymph and functions as an activation site for B and T cells is called the _____ _____

Answer 32

lymph node

Question 33

The ______ _______ cell is a lymphatic cell that functions to non-specifically target bacteria, transplanted tissue cells, and virally infected or cancerous host cells

Answer 33

natural killer

Question 34

The proteins found in blood that are involved in nonspecific defense against pathogens are called:

Answer 34

complement

Question 35

The four classes of hypersensitivity with their description

Answer 35

Type I = acute Type II = antibody dependent cytotoxicity Type III = immune complex Type IV = delayed

Question 36

The following factors cause or contribute to the flow of lymph:

Answer 36

- the respiratory pump - the skeletal muscle pump - valves

Question 37

Where exactly is lymph found?

Answer 37

lymphatic vessels

Question 38

Name the external barrier that is coated with antimicrobial chemicals such as lactic acid, dermicidin, and definsins

Answer 38

Skin

Question 39

______ ______ produce and secrete antibodies

Answer 39

Plasma cells

Question 40

Define edema

Answer 40

abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues

Question 41

List the events of B cell recognition and attach in the correct order:

Answer 41

1. immunocompetent B cells bind to antigen 2. B cell internalizes/displays antigen on MHC-II to TH cell 3. TH cell secretes interleurkins which activate the B cell 4. B cell undergoes clonal selection 5. differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and memory cells 6. plasma cells produce and secrete antibodies

Question 42

Antibodies function to render antigens harmless by:

Answer 42

- complement fixation, precipitation, agglutination, and neutralization