Chapter 21: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems Connect HW Flashcards
When the body acquires antibodies from another person or an animal that has developed its own immunity to the pathogen, this type of immunity is classified as
passive immunity
is an abnormal elevation in body temperature NOT due to failed thermoregulation
Fever
The thymus is considered part of several body systems. Name these.
- endocrine system
- lymphatic system
- immune system
A person develops resistance to a virus picked up from a drinking fountain
Natural Active Immunity
A person is given an attenuated smallpox virus and develops resistance
Artificial Active Immunity
A baby acquires resistance to a virus through antibodies obtained through breast milk
Natural Passive Immunity
An antibody is injected into a person who has been bitten by a snake. The antibody infers resistance.
Artificial Passive Immunity
The ______ line of defense is the immune system, which not only defeats a pathogen but leaves the body with a “memory” of it, enabling us to defeat it so quickly in future encounters that the pathogen no longer causes no illness
third
Identify the body’s largest lymphatic organ, located in the left hypochondriac region
spleen
The type of defense that requires prior exposure to a pathogen, and provides future protection future against that pathogen, is called ________ defense.
specific
List cells that function as antigen presenting cells
- B cells
- dendritic cells
- macrophages
Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies secreted by ________ cells
B
List the correct order of lymphatic flow through a lymph node
- afferent lymphatic vessel
- subcapsular sinus of the cortex
- sinuses of cortex and medulla
- efferent lymphatic vessel
The type of defense that guards against a broad range of pathogens is ________ resistance
nonspecific
Name the group of cells that phagocytize and display antigenic fragments on their surface, allowing recognition by other cells of the immune system
APC
List the features of the tonsils
- tonsillar crypts
- an incomplete fibrous capsule
- lymphatic nodules
List the features of the skin that offer immunoprotection
- continuous barrier to the external environment, presence of lactic acid, presence of defensins
Any large molecule capable triggering an immune response is called an
antigen
Follow the flow of lymphatic fluid in the correct order beginning with the blood capillaries:
- blood capillaries (blood)
- interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid)
- lymphatic capillaries (lymph)
- lymphatic vessels (lymph)
- lymphatic ducts (lymph)
- internal jugular and subclavian vein junction (blood)
The first line of defense against pathogens consists of:
external barriers
What are the main functions of the lymphatic system?
- absorption of lipids
- fluid recovery from tissues
- immunity
The second line of defense against pathogens consists of:
antimicrobial proteins, leukocytes, and macrophages
Name the cells that release inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and heparin
- mast cells
- basophils
List three examples of microbial proteins
- complement
- defensins
- interferon
Distinct connective tissue capsules are found surrounding the lymphatic _________
organs
Name the cells that produce the stroma of lymphatic organs
reticular cells
In ______ _______ immunity, the body makes its own antibodies or T cells against a pathogen
natural active
The function of a lacteal
absorb triglycerides and other lipids from digested food
_______ T cells perform a central coordinating role in both humoral and cellular immunity
Helper
List 3 secondary lymphoid organs
- lymph nodes
- spleen
- tonsils
List the functions of a lymph node
- site of B and T cell activation
- filtration of lymph
A small organ found along the course of a lymphatic vessel that filters the lymph and functions as an activation site for B and T cells is called the _____ _____
lymph node
The ______ _______ cell is a lymphatic cell that functions to non-specifically target bacteria, transplanted tissue cells, and virally infected or cancerous host cells
natural killer
The proteins found in blood that are involved in nonspecific defense against pathogens are called:
complement
The four classes of hypersensitivity with their description
Type I = acute
Type II = antibody dependent cytotoxicity
Type III = immune complex
Type IV = delayed
The following factors cause or contribute to the flow of lymph:
- the respiratory pump
- the skeletal muscle pump
- valves
Where exactly is lymph found?
lymphatic vessels
Name the external barrier that is coated with antimicrobial chemicals such as lactic acid, dermicidin, and definsins
Skin
______ ______ produce and secrete antibodies
Plasma cells
Define edema
abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues
List the events of B cell recognition and attach in the correct order:
- immunocompetent B cells bind to antigen
- B cell internalizes/displays antigen on MHC-II to TH cell
- TH cell secretes interleurkins which activate the B cell
- B cell undergoes clonal selection
- differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and memory cells
- plasma cells produce and secrete antibodies
Antibodies function to render antigens harmless by:
- complement fixation, precipitation, agglutination, and neutralization
