Chapter 17: The Endocrine System - Powerpoint Outline Flashcards
List the four main mechanisms of communication between cells in the Endocrine System
- Gap junctions
- Neurotransmitters
- Paracrine
- Hormones
allows molecules, nutrients, and electrolytes to move from cell to cell
(one of the four main mechanisms of comm. between cells in the endocrine system)
Gap junctions
released from presynaptic neurons to postsynaptic neuron
one of the four main mechanisms of comm. between cells in the endocrine system
Neurotransmitters
secreted into tissue fluids to affect nearby cells
one of the four main mechanisms of comm. between cells in the endocrine system
Paracrine
chemical messengers that travel in the blood stream to other tissues and organs
(one of the four main mechanisms of comm. between cells in the endocrine system)
Hormones
- chemical messengers
- transported by blood
- stimulate physiological responses in target cells
Hormones
is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things (system)
Endocrine System
- ducts to epithelial or membrane surface
- release secretions via duct
- extracellular effects (food digestion)
(endocrine or exocrine?)
Exocrine
- no ducts (ductless)
- contain dense, fenestrated capillary networks for easy uptake of hormones into bloodstream
- intracellular effects such as altering target cell metabolism
endocrine or exocrine?
Endocrine
Examples of secretions from exocrine glands:
bile, sweat glands, etc.
Both systems (nervous and endocrine) are used for internal communication
True or False?
TRUE
Speed and Persistence of Response: reacts quickly (ms timescale), stops quickly
nervous or endocrine?
nervous
Speed and Resistance of Response: reacts slowly (seconds or days), effect may continue for days or longer
nervous or endocrine?
endocrine
Adaptation to Long-term Stimuli response declines (adapts quickly)
nervous or endocrine?
nervous
Adaptation to Long-term Stimuli response persists (adapts slowly)
nervous or endocrine?
endocrine
Area of Effect
targeted and specific (one organ)
nervous or endocrine?
nervous
Area of Effect
general, widespread effects (many organs)
nervous or endocrine?
endocrine
Both systems (nervous and endocrine) can have similar effects on target cells
True or False?
TRUE
Norepinephrine and glucagon both cause glucose hydrolysis in liver
The two systems (nervous and endocrine) can regulate each other
True or False?
TRUE
Neurotransmitters can affect glands; hormones can effect neurons
Neuroendocrine cells share characteristics of both systems (nervous and endocrine)
True or False?
TRUE
Both systems (nervous and endocrine) require receptors
True or False?
TRUE
Nervous - postsynaptic neuron requires receptors
Endocrine - target organs or cells must use receptors for a particular hormone; some target cells possess enzymes that convert a circulating hormone to its more active form
Hypothalamus Anatomy
- forms floor and walls of third ventricle of brain
- regulates primitive functions: water balance, thermoregulation, sex drive, childbirth, etc.
- pituitary gland is suspended from hypothalamus by a stalk called the infundibulum
Location of the Pituitary gland
Sphenoid; Sella Turcica
The Pituitary gland is composed of:
Two structures with independent origins and separate functions:
- Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary); Endocrine
- Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary); Nervous
