Chapter 17: The Endocrine System Connect HW

Question 1

Monoamine hormones and neurotransmitters are derived from:

Answer 1

amino acids

Question 2

A condition defined as a disruption of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from hyposecretion or inaction is of insulin is

Answer 2

diabetes mellitus

Question 3

Name the mechanisms by which cell-to-cell communication can be accomplished

Answer 3

• neurotransmitters
• paracrines
• hormones
• gap junctions

Question 4

List the three types of interactive effects hormones can have on their target organs

Answer 4

• antagonistic
• synergistic
• permissive

Question 5

List examples of peptide hormones

Answer 5

• insulin
• oxytocin
• follicle stimulating hormone

Question 6

The ovaries and testes are considered _______ glands because they secrete whole cells (the egg and the sperm).

Answer 6

exocrine

Question 7

The hormone called ________ ________ hormone stimulates the secretion of ovarian sex hormones and the development of the ovarian follicles.

Answer 7

follicle stimulating

Question 8

Name the pituitary hormone that stimulates ovulation

Answer 8

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 9

The condition of elevated blood glucose is called

Answer 9

hyperglycemia

Question 10

List the hormones secreted by the ovary

Answer 10

• progesterone
• inhibin
• estradiol

Question 11

_______ is a potent glucocorticoid that stimulates fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and release of fatty acids into the blood.

Answer 11

Cortisol

Question 12

While both the endocrine and nervous systems are involved with communication, they differ in their mechanisms. One difference between hormones of the endocrine system and neurotransmitters of the nervous system is that:

Answer 12

hormones are released into the interstitial fluids and neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft

Question 13

The endocrine gland called the ________ is an elongated, spongy gland located below and behind the stomach, and is primarily an exocrine digestive gland.

Answer 13

pancreas

Question 14

List the hormones that are classified as steroid hormones

Answer 14

• cortisol

- testosterone

Question 15

Second-messenger system actions in the order they occur:

Answer 15

1) hormone receptor binding activates G-protein
2) G protein activates adenylate cyclase
3) adenylate cyclase produces cAMP
4) cAMP activates protein kinases

Question 16

The endocrine gland called the ________ _______ may play a role in establishing 24-hour circadian rhythms synchronized with light and dark.

Answer 16

pineal gland

Question 17

The thick outer layer of the adrenal gland is called the adrenal _______ .

Answer 17

cortex

Question 18

Steroid hormones enter the target cell nucleus and act directly on the _____, changing target cell physiology by either activating or inhibiting transcription.

Answer 18

genes

Question 19

Two main risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Answer 19

• sedentary lifestyle

- obesity

Question 20

The hormone that stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormone is

Answer 20

thyrotropin

Question 21

It is difficult for steroids and thyroid hormone to travel through the blood because they are

Answer 21

hydrophobic

Question 22

define hormone specificty

Answer 22

each hormone binds to only one receptor

Question 23

The brain area that closely regulates pituitary function

Answer 23

Hypothalamus

Question 24

Pituitary cell type with the hormone that each produces:

Answer 24

• somatotropes = growth hormone
• lactotropes = prolactin
• corticotropes = adrenocorticotropic hormone
• gonadotropes = follicle stimulating hormone

Question 25

The largest endocrine gland is the _______ which weighs about 25 grams

Answer 25

Thyroid

Question 26

List the target cells of insulin

Answer 26

adipose, liver, and skeletal muscle

Question 27

Peptides and catecholamines are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate a target cell. Therefore they bind to receptors on the:

Answer 27

cell surface

Question 28

The gland that is a site of maturation for T lymphocytes (cells that are critically important for immune defense) is the

Answer 28

thymus

Question 29

The kidneys secrete the hormones:

Answer 29

- erythropoietin | - calcitrol

Question 30

The hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland that helps maintain blood pressure and blood volume is:

Answer 30

aldosterone

Question 31

Once a steroid or thyroid hormone binds to its receptor, the receptor-hormone complex associates with a target gene and controls gene:

Answer 31

transcription

Question 32

Name the two hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary:

Answer 32

- oxytocin (OT) | - antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 33

PTH is secreted in response to low levels of the mineral:

Answer 33

calcium

Question 34

Thyroid hormone accelerates the _______ of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Answer 34

breakdown

Question 35

List the substances secreted by pancreatic islet cells

Answer 35

- somatostatin - glucagon - insulin

Question 36

List the catecholamines secreted by the adrenal medulla

Answer 36

- norepinephrine - epinephrine - dopamine

Question 37

After synthesis in the skin, the version of Vitamin D called _____________ is converted in the liver and then sent to the kidneys to be converted to calcitrol

Answer 37

cholecalciferol

Question 38

The chemical class or hormones that are synthesized from cholesterol and differ mainly in the functional groups attached to the four ringed backbone as classified as:

Answer 38

steroid hormones

Question 39

Name the glands that secrete steroid hormones

Answer 39

- adrenal cortex - testes - ovary

Question 40

The hormone that antagonizes the effects of glucagon by suppressing the breakdown of glycogen is

Answer 40

insulin