Chapter 21: Dependent Sentences II Flashcards
When “why” introduces an independent clause, how is it rendered?
By nō te aha.
’Ua ’ite au nō te aha ’oia ‘i haere ai ’e ’āu.
I know why he went swimming.
’Ua ’ite au nō te aha ’oia ‘i hohoni hia ’e te ma’o.
I know why he was bitten by the shark.
When a dependent “when” precedes the main clause, how is that rendered?
With ‘ia at the beginning of the sentence. Note that this is used with past, present, and future tenses.
’la oti tā rātou pafa’ira’a ’anani, ’e pou mai rātou.
When their orange harvest is finished, they descend.
’Ia marū te mata’i, ’e haere ai tāua ’e taī’a.
When the wind has dropped, we will go fishing.
’Ia te tavana ‘i reva ātu, te paraparau noa ra ia te mau ta’ata.
When the chief left, people were still talking.
What are the two possible constructions when the dependent clause follows the main clause?
- ‘i te mahāna/ ‘e aha te taime + subject + verb
‘i te mahāna ‘oia ‘e tae mai ai.
I do not know when he will arrive.
’Aita vau ‘i ’ite ’e aha te taime ’oia ‘e ho’i mai ai.
I do not know when he will return - ‘i te mahāna + nō + verb + -ra’a
’Aita vau ‘i ’ite ‘i te mahāna nō tōna taera’a mai.
I do not know when he will return.
How is “while” translated in Tahitian?
The particle ‘a replaces the ordinary tense markers.
‘I teie taime ’a parauparau
In this moment while I am speaking…
‘I te ’ava’e ’a pohe ai ’oia
in the month when he died
When two actions are performed simultaneously what is the normal construction that conveys “at the same time as”?
ma te + verb.
’Ua ōri haere ’oia ma te inu ‘i te pape.
He walked along drinking water.
Te ōri haere ra ’oia ma te hi ’o ‘i muri.
He was walking along looking behind him.
When two actions are performed simultaneously what is the normal construction when the second verb is a verb of motion?
mai te + verb + mai
’E pou mai rātou ‘i raro mai te āmo mai ‘i te ’anani.
They descend bearing the oranges.
Te haere pauroa te mau hui ra’atira mai te tāmau mai ‘i te hei ‘i ni’a ‘i te ūpo’o.
The people come wearing crowns of flowers on their heads.
In what ways are “how” rendered in Tahitian?
- Past: ’e mea nafea + possessive adjective + verb + ra’a
’Ua ’ite au ’e mea nafea tōna fa’afanaura’a ‘i tā ’u vahine.
I know how he prepared for my wife’s confinement. - Future: ’e nafea + subject + ‘i te + verb
Aita vau ‘i ’ite ’e nafea ’ona ‘i te hamani ‘i tōna fare.
I do not know how he will build his house.
How is “what” rendered in Tahitian dependent sentences?
‘E aha + possessive adjective + verb
’Aita vau ‘i ‘ite ’e aha tāna ’e rave nei.
I do not know what he is doing.
How is “whether” indicated in Tahitian dependent sentences?
By anei following the verb of the dependent clause.
’Aita vau ‘i ’ite ’e hohoni hia anei ’oia ’e te m a’o.
I do not know if he will be bitten by a shark.
’A it a vau ‘i ’ite ’e haere mai anei ’oia ’ananahi.
I do not know if he will come tomorrow.
When Ē is at the end of the main clause, what kind of verb introduces the dependent clause?
Verbs of knowing or saying. After verbs of saying the ē is often omitted.
’Ua ’ite au ē ’ua reva ātu ’oia ’inanahi ra.
I know that he left yesterday.
What are the two constructions that translate “since”?
- mai te mahäna + subject + ’a . . . when the subject precedes the verb.
Mai te mahāna vau ’a tae mai ai ‘i Tahiti, ’aita te fare ‘i taui.
Since I have arrived back in Tahiti, the house has not changed. - mai te mahāna ‘i + verb + subject
mai te mahāna ‘i reva ātu ai ’oe . . . when the subject follows the verb.
since you left . . .
What is the first possible construction to express “where” in a dependent clause?
where there is/are…
tei reira + noun
te fa a tei reira te ’anani
the valley where the oranges are
te vāhi tei reira te hotera
the place where the hotel is
What is the second construction to express “where” in a dependent clause? (two possibilities)
where + verb
either verb + subject + ‘i hea, or ‘ te
vāhi + possessive adjective.
Aita vau ‘i ’ite ‘ua haere ’oia ‘i hea.
I do not know where he went.
-or-
’Aita vau ‘i ’ite ‘i te vāhi tāna ‘i haere.
I do not know where he went.
