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Biology > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Term for processes that require oxygen

A

Aerobic

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2
Q

Term for processes that do not require oxygen

A

Anaerobic

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3
Q

Chemical used as a drug to kill bacteria.

A

Antibiotic

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4
Q

Rod-shaped bacterium

A

Bacillus

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5
Q

Virus that infects bacteria

A

Bacteriophage

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6
Q

A protein sheath that surrounds the nucleic acid core in a virus.

A

Capsid

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7
Q

A gelatinous outer layer enclosing many bacterial cell walls

A

Capsule

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8
Q

A spherical-shaped bacterium.

A

Coccus

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9
Q

Temporary union of two organisms to exchange nuclear material.

A

Conjugation

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10
Q

A virus that evolves in a geographically isolated area and is pathogenic to humans.

A

Emerging virus

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11
Q

Dormant bacterial cell enclosed by a tough coating that is highly resistant to environmental stress.

A

Endospore

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12
Q

Outer layer covering the capsid of many viruses.

A

Envelope

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13
Q

Protein with carbohydrates attatched.

A

Glycoprotein

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14
Q

A cycle in which a viral genome replicates as a provirus without destroying the host cell.

A

Lysogenic cycle

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15
Q

Cycle of viral infection; results in the replication of virus and cell destruction.

A

Lytic cycle

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16
Q

A disease-causing agent

A

Pathogen

17
Q

Short, thick outgrowth of a bacterium that allows it to attach to another bacterium.

A

Pilus

18
Q

Infectious particles composed of protein with no nucleic acid.

A

Prion

19
Q

The viral DNA which inserts into a host’s cell’s chromosome

A

Provirus

20
Q

Spiral-shaped bacterium.

A

Spirillium

21
Q

A chemical compound excreted into the environment by bacteria that are poisonous to eukaryotic cells.

A

Toxin.

22
Q

In plants, infectious disease agent composed of a single strand of RNA with no capsid.

A

Viroid.

23
Q

A strand of nucleic acid encased in a protein coat that can infect cells and replicate within them.

A

Virus.

Biology (9 decks)

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