Chapter 21 Flashcards
Term for processes that require oxygen
Aerobic
Term for processes that do not require oxygen
Anaerobic
Chemical used as a drug to kill bacteria.
Antibiotic
Rod-shaped bacterium
Bacillus
Virus that infects bacteria
Bacteriophage
A protein sheath that surrounds the nucleic acid core in a virus.
Capsid
A gelatinous outer layer enclosing many bacterial cell walls
Capsule
A spherical-shaped bacterium.
Coccus
Temporary union of two organisms to exchange nuclear material.
Conjugation
A virus that evolves in a geographically isolated area and is pathogenic to humans.
Emerging virus
Dormant bacterial cell enclosed by a tough coating that is highly resistant to environmental stress.
Endospore
Outer layer covering the capsid of many viruses.
Envelope
Protein with carbohydrates attatched.
Glycoprotein
A cycle in which a viral genome replicates as a provirus without destroying the host cell.
Lysogenic cycle
Cycle of viral infection; results in the replication of virus and cell destruction.
Lytic cycle
A disease-causing agent
Pathogen
Short, thick outgrowth of a bacterium that allows it to attach to another bacterium.
Pilus
Infectious particles composed of protein with no nucleic acid.
Prion
The viral DNA which inserts into a host’s cell’s chromosome
Provirus
Spiral-shaped bacterium.
Spirillium
A chemical compound excreted into the environment by bacteria that are poisonous to eukaryotic cells.
Toxin.
In plants, infectious disease agent composed of a single strand of RNA with no capsid.
Viroid.
A strand of nucleic acid encased in a protein coat that can infect cells and replicate within them.
Virus.
