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Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Segregated buses might never rode through the streets of Montgomery is what act wasn’t remained in force?

A

Civil Rights Act of 1875

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2
Q

Segregation in public facilities By decreeing that all persons she’ll be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the accommodations of Inns, public conveyances on land or water, theaters, and other places of public amusement

A

Civil rights act of 1875

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3
Q

In 1883 what act did the the Supreme Court rule unconstitutional

A

The civil rights act of 1875

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4
Q

This court case ruled that the separate but equal law did not violate the 14th amendment

A

plessy versus Ferguson

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5
Q

This amendment guarantees all Americans equal treatment under the law

A

14th amendment

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6
Q

These laws forbade marriage between blacks and whites and established many other restrictions on social and religious contact between the races

A

Jim Crow laws

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7
Q

African-Americans tried to escape southern racism by moving where?

A

To the north

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8
Q

The events of World War II set the stage for what?

A

Civil rights movement

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9
Q

What types of things set the stage for this movement?

A

Shortage of jobs during World War II, black man being in the army, civil rights organizations were OK during World War II

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10
Q

Who is the desegregation campaign largely led by?

A

NAACP

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11
Q

was a brilliant Howard university law professor Who also served as a chief legal counsel for the NAACP

A

Charles Hamilton Houston

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12
Q

Charles Hamilton Houston placed a team of his best law students under the direction of who

A

Thurgood Marshall

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13
Q

How many court cases out of 32 did Thurgood Marshall win?

A

29

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14
Q

The Supreme Court declared unconstitutional those states mandating segregated seating on interstate buses

A

Morgan versus Virginia

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15
Q

State law schools must admit black applicants, even if separate blacks school exists

A

Sweatt versus painter

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16
Q

What was marshall’s most stunning victory?

A

Brown versus board of education of Topeka

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17
Q

Who did this board of education case involve

A

Linda Brown was being denied her admission to an all white elementary school four blocks from her house

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18
Q

What was the result of the Brown versus Board of Education of Topeka

A

Cream court struck down segregation in schools as an unconstitutional violation of the 14th amendment equal protection clause

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19
Q

Who is the Chief Justice of the brown versus Board of Education of Topeka case

A

Chief Justice Earl Warren

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20
Q

Because they didn’t agree with desegregation, who reappeared?

A

KKK

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21
Q

Second ruling that ordered school desegregation implemented with all deliberate speed

A

Brown II

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22
Q

First southern state to admit African-Americans to state universities without being required by a court order

A

Arkansas

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23
Q

Who was the school superintendent in Arkansas that begin planning for desegregation soon after brown

A

Virgil blossom

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24
Q

Governor of Arkansas that should support for segregation

A

Orval Faubus

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25
Nine African-American students volunteered to integrate Little Rock Central high school as a first step in blossoms plan
Little rock nine
26
What did President Eisenhower do when people were attacking the Little Rock nine
He send the National Guard under federal control and ordered 1000 paratroopers into Little Rock
27
First civil rights law since Reconstruction that gave the attorney general greater power over school desegregation and gave the federal government jurisdiction or authority over violation of an African Americans voting rights
Civil rights act of 1957
28
Who wanted change for African-Americans
Jo Ann Robinson
29
Seamstress and an NAACP officer
Rosa Parks
30
Who suggested a bus boycott
Jo Ann Robinson and E D Nixon
31
What was created because of Rosa Parks
The Montgomery improvement Association to organize a boycott
32
Who was the leader of the boycott
Martin Luther King Junior
33
How long was the lawsuit that African-Americans file and refused to ride the bus is in Montgomery
381 days
34
In 1956 the Supreme Court outlawed what?
Bus segregation
35
Martin Luther King's brand of nonviolent resistance
Soul force
36
14-year-old African-American boy who had allegedly flirted with a white woman
Emmett Till
37
To carry on nonviolent crusades against the laws of second-class citizenship
Southern Christian leadership conference
38
The first director of the SCLC Who served as a national field security traveling many miles throughout the South
Ella baker
39
And African-American University in North Carolina came together to organize a national protest group
Student nonviolent coordinating committee
40
This group stage the first sit in
Congress of racial equality
41
When African-American protesters sat down at segregated lunch counters and refused to leave until they were served
Sit in
42
A white civil rights activist who joined other core members on a historic bus trip across
James Peck
43
A group of protesters who rode around on the buses to to provoke a violent reaction that would convince the Kennedy administration to enforce the law
Freedom Riders
44
The bus companies refused to do what for the freedom riders
Allow them to ride
45
US Attorney General Robert Kennedy convince the driver to do what
Proceed and continue to let them ride
46
Justice Department official on the scene that call the Attorney General to report what was happening
John Doer
47
What did your freedom riders want to get out of this boycott
Publicity
48
Banned segregation in all interstate travel facilities, including waiting rooms, restrooms, and lunch counters
Interstate commerce commission
49
Air Force veteran who won the federal court case that allowed him to enroll in an all white University of Mississippi
James Meredith
50
Governor who refused to let him register as a student
Ross Barnett
51
After Meredith tried to enroll what broke out
Riots
52
City known for its strict enforcement of turtle segregation in public life and also had a reputation for racial violence
Birmingham Alabama
53
Head of the Alabama Christian movement for human rights and secretary of the SCLC
Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth
54
While in Jail Martin Luther King Jr. wrote an open letter to who
A religious leader who felt he was Pushing to fast
55
When African-American children began to march in Birmingham who arrested them
Police commissioner Eugene "Bulls" Connors man
56
What did the boycotts in Birmingham convince officials to do
To end segregation
57
The president sent troops to force Governors Who, to honor a court order desegregating the University of Alabama
George Wallace
58
NAACP field secretary and World War II veteran who was shot by a sniper
Medgar Evers
59
White supremacist he was arrested but was released after two trials
Brian de la Beckwith
60
To veteran organizers who summoned Americans to march on Washington DC
A Philip Randolph and Bayard Ruston
61
Did Martin Luther King give his I have a dream speech
Lincoln Memorial
62
Prohibited discrimination because of race, religion, national origin, and gender
Civil rights act of 1964
63
The projects that would in turn influence Congress to pass voting rights act
Freedom summer
64
What Happened to some of the people in the freedom summer
They were killed or beaten
65
In order to gain a seat in Mississippi's all white Democratic Party, SNCC organized of what
Mississippi freedom Democratic Party
66
Daughter of Mississippi sharecroppers and would be their voice of the 1964 Democratic national convention
Fannie Lou Hammer
67
In order for President Johnson to not lose Southern white votes: Johnson compromise with the Democrats that he would give ____ of Mississippi's 68 seats to MFDP, He promised to Dan discrimination act of 1968 convention
2
68
How did the MFDP feel about Johnson's kind
Betrayed
69
There was a 50 mile protest march from Selma to Montgomery after he was shot
Jimmy Lee Jackson
70
10 days after the attacks on Selma President Johnson presented to Congress with what
New voting rights act
71
The second time the March for someone on the marchers had what kind of protection
Federal
72
Act that eliminated the so-called literacy test disqualified many voters. Also stated that federal examiners could enroll voters who had been denied suffrage by local officials
Voting rights act of 1965
73
What did civil rights groups have in common in the early 1960s?
Calls for a newfound pride in black identity and a commitment to change the social and economic structures that kept people in a life of poverty
74
Segregation that exists by practice and custom
De facto segregation
75
Segregation by law
De juro segregation
76
Whites didn't want to share what power with blacks?
Social and economic
77
When did de facto segregation intensify?
During white flight
78
Great numbers of whites moved out of the cities to nearby suburbs
White flight
79
What was MLK jrs. Campaign to end segregation
An open city
80
Where was a open city
Chicago
81
What did blacks do while in Chicago
Threw rocks and bottles at whites
82
What did white do ha k to the blacks
Stoned them
83
In New York who was killed
A teenager
84
What did the death of the teenager cause
A race riot in Harlem
85
After the voting rights act was signed, what riot happens?
The watts riot
86
Where was the watts riots
Los Angeles
87
What did blacks want and need?
Equality, jobs, housing, education
88
A program to go help impoverished Americas
War on poverty
89
Leader who took over after MLK Jr. was assassinated
Malcolm X
90
Why did Malcolm X go to jail
Burglary
91
Black Muslims
Nation of Islam
92
Malcolm X followed who's perching strategy
Elijah Muhammad
93
What did Malcolm X' ideas for self defense do for whites
Frightened them
94
Who did Malcolm X get resentment from
The Nation of Islam
95
When was Malcolm X assassinated?
When he was about to give his speech in Harlem
96
Who set out on a 225 mile walk
James Meredith
97
What happened to Meredith
He was shot
98
Part of SNCC and partners with MLK and Floyd McKissick. He decided to lead followers to march and finish what Meredith started
Stokely Carmichael
99
A call for black peoples to begin to define their own goals and to lead their own organizations
Black power
100
A political party founded by Huey Newton and Bobby seale to fight police brutality in the ghetto
Black panthers
101
How did the black panthers dress
Nice and fancy
102
The establishment of the black panthers crated what
Clinics, day cares, etc
103
What did MLK object to
Black panther
104
Who killed Martin Luther King
James earl Ray
105
Johnson appointed to study the causes of urban violence
Kenner commission
106
The Kerner commission card for the nation to create ? And build ?
Jobs/ houses
107
What did the civil rights movement end
De jure segregation
108
Ended discrimination in housing
Civil rights act of 1968
109
In result of the civil rights act of 1968 what population increased
College
110
How many African-Americans were able to vote
Two thirds
111
Reverend who sought democratic nation for president
Jesse Jackson
112
Lead voter registration drive that road about 2 million African-Americans
Vernon Jordan
113
Served as UN ambassador and Atlanta's mayor
Andrew Young
114
To help equalize education and Job opportunities
Affirmative action

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