Chapter 11 Flashcards
1
Q
Who was the First Lady of congress?
A
Jeanette Rankin
2
Q
What were the causes of the First World War?
A
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
3
Q
A devotion to the interests and culture of ones nation
A
Nationalism
4
Q
Many countries feared who?
A
Germany
5
Q
Who was the protector of Europe’s Slavic people?
A
Russia
6
Q
Who did Austria- Hungary have control of?
A
Serbians
7
Q
Why were Russia and Austria Hungary rivals?
A
Because of Serbia
8
Q
Who did President Wilson request a declaration of war against?
A
Germany
9
Q
Trying to build up an empire
A
Imperialism
10
Q
Germany competed who for contest of Colonies?
A
France and Britain
11
Q
Building up armed forces, getting ready for war
A
Militarism
12
Q
What increased military spending?
A
The growth of nationalism and imperialism
13
Q
Who was the strongest country in the world in 1890?
A
Germany
14
Q
What did Germany create to draft and train men?
A
An army reserve system
15
Q
Who’s navy was the strongest in the world?
A
Britains
16
Q
What did Britain rely on?
A
It’s navy for defense and protection of shipping route
17
Q
Germany’s emperor
A
Wilhelm Kaiser 2
18
Q
What did Wilhelm Kaiser decide about Germany so they could compete against the British?
A
They should become a sea power
19
Q
Who joined the naval race?
A
Germany, France, Italy, Japan, and the U.S.
20
Q
Two major defense alliances:
A
The triple Entente and The triple alliance
21
Q
What was the triple entente later known as?
A
The Allies
22
Q
What was the triple alliances late called?
A
The central powers
23
Q
Countries apart of the Triple Entente:
A
Russia, Britain, France
24
Q
Countries a part of the triple alliances:
A
Germany, Austria- Hungary, Italy, and Turkey
25
Provided a measure of international security because nations were reluctant to disturb the balance of power
The two alliances
26
The powder keg of Europe flared where?
In the Balkan Peninsula
27
What did Russia want from the Balkans?
Access to the Mediterranean Sea
28
What did Germany want from the Balkans?
A rail link to the Ottoman Empire
29
What did Austria- Hungary accuse Serbia of?
Subverting its rule over Bosnia
30
Prince of Austria
Franz Ferdinand
31
Who shot Franz Ferdinand?
Nationalist Gavrillo Princip
32
An organization promoting Serbian nationalism
The Black Hands
33
Who did Austria- Hungary declare war on after the prince was shot?
Serbia
34
Who did Germany declare war on on August 1, 1914?
Russia
35
Who did Germany declare war on on August 3, 1914?
France
36
Who did Germany invade?
Belgium
37
Who did Britain declare war on?
Germany and Austria- Hungary
38
What was used when Germany invaded Belgium?
The Schlieffen Plan
39
Called for a holding action against Russia, combined with a quick drive throughly Belgium to Paris
Schlieffen Plan
40
Because the Allies couldn't save Belgium, they went where?
The Marne River
41
What happened at the Marne river in France?
They halted Germany
42
Who occupied the trenches?
German soldiers and Allied soldiers
43
Three types of trenches:
Front line
Support
Reserve
44
What was between the trenches called?
No mans land
45
A barren expanse of mud pockmarked with shell craters and filled with barbed wire
No mans Land
46
July 1, 1916- Novermber 1916
The first battle of Somme
47
What made men fight for mere years of ground?
The bloody Trench warfare
48
What did socialists criticize the war as?
A capitalist and imperialist problem between Germany and England
49
Who said that war is evil and the U.S. should set an example for peace?
William Jennings Bryan
50
What Allie group was America closely knitted to?
The triple entente
51
Who did the U.S. Send a lot of war supplies, and money to?
The Allies
52
What happened due to the U.S. Giving the allies money and war supplies?
We came to a labor shortage
53
Who did America want war against?
The central powers
54
Why did the U.S. Want war against the Central powers?
To ensure allied repayment of debt
| To prevent Germans from threatening the U.S. Shipping
55
Who began using more naval strength?
Britain
56
Who did Britain blockade?
Germany
57
Why did Britain blockade Germany?
To prevent weapons and other military supplies from getting through
58
What happened to Germany due to the British blockades?
Famine
59
How did Germany reposed to the British blockades?
The used U- boats
60
What did the u- boat do?
Sunk the boats of any British ships
61
Worst u- boat disaster
Lusitania
62
What did Wilson do about the protest against Germany?
He issued military response
63
What did Germany promise to the U.S., and lied about, two times?
They would stop sinking passenger boats
64
What did the U.S. Warn that they would do u less Germany stopped their tactics?
Break off diplomatic relations
65
The only way Germany would actually stop drinking the ships was if:
The U.S. convinced Britain to lift the blockade against food and fertilizer
66
Who were the two candidates of the 1916 election?
Woodrow Wilson and Charles Hughes
67
What did Wilson propose?
He would keep us out of war
68
What did Hughes propose!
He would upright Americas right to freedom of the seas, but not to be severely Germany
69
What did Wilson want all nations to join?
A league for peace
70
What would the league for peace do?
Extend democracy
Maintain freedom
Reduce armaments
71
Who refused wilsons plan?
Germans
72
What was the first overt?
The Zimmerman Note
73
Telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico- intercepted by British agents
Zimmerman Notes
74
What did the Zimmerman Note say?
That there was an alliance between Germany and Mexico and that the German's would help get US land back if the U.S. Goes to war
75
Russia went from a monarchy to..?
A representative government
76
What did US troops follow?
The stream or American money and munitions that were given to the allies
77
What did people believe that the U.S. went to war for?
Future order of peace and freedom
78
Women suffragist
Harriet Stanton Blatch
79
Man who was transferred to aviation division and taught himself to fly
Eddie Rickenbacker
80
What was Eddie famed with the most victories of?
Allied pilot
81
How many soldiers were there when was started?
200,000- with little experience
82
Congress passed this to meet the needs of more fighting power
The selective Service acts
83
Required men to register with the government in order to be selected randomly for service
Selective Service Act
84
How many registered for the SSA?
| How many were called in for the SSA?
24 million
| 3 million
85
What were African American soldiers assigned to?
Non cambat duties
86
Who saw more continuous duty on the front line than any other?
The 369th regiment
87
Training of 8 months, with 17 hour days of training
"Cross of war"
88
Who were the first to experience "cross of war"?
Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts
89
What did women work as?
Nurses, secretaries, and telephone operators
90
What was a big threat to the allied war effect?
U- boats
91
A heavy guard of destroyers escort merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups
Convoy system
92
Who said the British should use the convoy system?
Vice Admiral William S. Sims
93
Who did the us help to makes barrier of mines across the North Sea from Scotland to Norway?
Britain
94
How long was the barrier from the North Sea, to Scotland?
230 miles
95
Who said that the allies needed to keep a good enthusiasm?
Lieutenant Joseph Douglas
96
Led by John J. Pershing: included men all over the country
The American Expeditionary Force
97
New weapons
Tank, airplane
98
Warfare that relies on machines powered by gasoline and Diesel engines
Mechanized Warfare
99
Tanks
Caterpillar Treads
Made of steel
Used in battle of Somme
100
Airplanes
Flimsy wings
Used in duals
Mounted machine guns
101
How many bomber forces did Britain have? Why?
22000 and to bomb Germany
102
Observation Balloons
Used extensively
Strategically important
Protected by nearby aircraft
Became targets
103
What were the smells of war?
Poison gas and decaying bodies
104
Word to describe s complete emotional collapse from which may never be recovered ( like PTSD)
Shell shock
105
Caused by standing in cold, wet trenches for Long periods of time without changing boots or socks
Trench foot
106
Stages of trench foot:
Toes turn red/ blue
Toes become numb
Toes begin to rot
107
Infection or gums and throat
Trench mouth
108
Where did Germans move their armies to, when Russia Pulled out?
The eastern front
109
Where did US troops arrive to stop Germans advance?
Cantigny in France
110
One of Americas greatest war heroes
Alvin York
111
What is Alvin Yorks opinion on war?
Opposed warfare on moral grounds
112
What countries surrendered to the Allies?
Austria- Hungary
113
Who established a German Republic?
Socialist leaders
114
Who gave up the throne in Germany?
William Kaiser
115
Women suffragist
Harriet Stanton Blatch
116
Man who was transferred to aviation division and taught himself to fly
Eddie Rickenbacker
117
What was Eddie famed with the most victories of?
Allied pilot
118
How many soldiers were there when was started?
200,000- with little experience
119
Congress passed this to meet the needs of more fighting power
The selective Service acts
120
Required men to register with the government in order to be selected randomly for service
Selective Service Act
121
How many registered for the SSA?
| How many were called in for the SSA?
24 million
| 3 million
122
What were African American soldiers assigned to?
Non cambat duties
123
Who saw more continuous duty on the front line than any other?
The 369th regiment
124
Training of 8 months, with 17 hour days of training
"Cross of war"
125
Who were the first to experience "cross of war"?
Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts
126
What did women work as?
Nurses, secretaries, and telephone operators
127
What was a big threat to the allied war effect?
U- boats
128
A heavy guard of destroyers escort merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups
Convoy system
129
Who said the British should use the convoy system?
Vice Admiral William S. Sims
130
Who did the us help to makes barrier of mines across the North Sea from Scotland to Norway?
Britain
131
How long was the barrier from the North Sea, to Scotland?
230 miles
132
Who said that the allies needed to keep a good enthusiasm?
Lieutenant Joseph Douglas
133
Led by John J. Pershing: included men all over the country
The American Expeditionary Force
134
New weapons
Tank, airplane
135
Warfare that relies on machines powered by gasoline and Diesel engines
Mechanized Warfare
136
Tanks
Caterpillar Treads
Made of steel
Used in battle of Somme
137
Airplanes
Flimsy wings
Used in duals
Mounted machine guns
138
How many bomber forces did Britain have? Why?
22000 and to bomb Germany
139
Observation Balloons
Used extensively
Strategically important
Protected by nearby aircraft
Became targets
140
What were the smells of war?
Poison gas and decaying bodies
141
Word to describe s complete emotional collapse from which may never be recovered ( like PTSD)
Shell shock
142
Caused by standing in cold, wet trenches for Long periods of time without changing boots or socks
Trench foot
143
Stages of trench foot:
Toes turn red/ blue
Toes become numb
Toes begin to rot
144
Infection or gums and throat
Trench mouth
145
Where did Germans move their armies to, when Russia Pulled out?
The eastern front
146
Where did US troops arrive to stop Germans advance?
Cantigny in France
147
One of Americas greatest war heroes
Alvin York
148
What is Alvin Yorks opinion on war?
Opposed warfare on moral grounds
149
What countries surrendered to the Allies?
Austria- Hungary
150
Who established a German Republic?
Socialist leaders
151
Who gave up the throne in Germany?
William Kaiser
152
Secretary of war
Newton Baker
153
What did the economy have to refocus on during WW1?
The war effort
154
What did President Wilson gain almost complete power over?
Th economy and how the prices could be raised and lowered
155
Main regulatory body
The war industries board
156
Who was the leader of the War industries board
Bernard M. Baruch
157
What did the war industries board encourage?
Mass production
Elimination of waste
Only 5 typewriter ribbons
158
What's did many U.S. Citizens adopt?
Lightless nights and gasless Sunday's
159
What rose in industries during the war?
Wages
160
Did higher wages help? Why or why not?
No because other products price went up
161
To deal with disputes between management and labor, President Wilson established
The national war labor board
162
Who was the food administration held under?
Herbert Hoover
163
What did Hoover create to help people to save money on food products?
The gospel of the clean plates
164
What was the result of the Gospel of the clean plate?
The food amount sent to the allies tripled
165
Two major tasks after extending it control over the economy:
Raising money and convincing the public to support the war
166
How did America get back a lot of the money spent in war?
Taxes, and selling the Victory and Liberty Loan
167
What was used in order to raise money?
Propaganda techniques
168
The nations first propaganda agency
Committee on Public information
169
Head of the Comittee on Public Information
George Creel
170
What did George Creel's campaign spark?
Great success and hatred on some ethnic groups
171
What erupted when the US joined war?
Attacks on civil liberties
172
What happened to the German culture in Amercia?
It went away because it seemed as a threat to Americans
173
Act passed in June 1917
Espionage Act
174
Act passed in May 1918
Sedition act
175
When a person could be fined a great amount of money for talking bad about the government or saying anything bad about the war effort
Espionage and Sedition Acts
176
Who did the espionage and Sedition acts target?
Socialists and labor leaders
177
Who were the three main people who were sentenced to prison/ fines due to the espionage and sedition acts?
Emma Goldman
Eugene V. Debs
Big Bill Haywood
178
Who thoughts blacks should support the war?
W. E. B. Du bois
179
Who believed victims of racism should not support a racist government?
William Monroe Trotter
180
the large-scale movement of hundreds of thousands of Southern blacks to cities in the North
Great Migration
181
Causes to the increases in black migration
- Didn't want to be discriminated in the south
- boll weevil infestation: from flooding
- job opportunities in the north
182
What did blacks moving the the north increase?
Racial tensions
183
What did women take over while men were at war?
All of the open job positions
184
Women who was active in the peace movement
Jane Addams
185
Founded the Women's peace Party
Jane Addams
186
When were women allowed to vote?
1919
187
How many people did the flu kill?
1/4 of the U.S. Population
188
What was the results of the flu crisis?
Many services were shot down or barley working
Lack of coffins
Dead bodies laying around
189
How many soldiers got the flu?
1/4 of soldiers
190
How many soldiers died from the flu?
About 1/3
191
What was WW1 known as?
The war to end all wars
192
The soldiers sent to Europe during war were known as...
The American Expeditionary Forces
194
What did the U.S. what to keep toward the rest of the countries?
Neutrality
195
The truce made that stated the men would be home by Christmas
Christmas truce
196
What did companies have to do during WW1?
Butter to guns: they needed to change the types of supplies they were making to make money for things that were truly needed
197
A German squad of planes
Red Baron
198
American infantrymen
Dough boys
199
Why w wee they called dough boys?
Because of the belts they wore
200
What was the treaty called that was going to establish last peace?
Treaty of Versailles
201
Countries that can be civil towards each other in arrangement
League of Nations
202
Bond sold to support the allies in WW1
Liberty bond
203
What happened when Wilson proposed his idea?
No one liked it
204
First 5 points
1. There should be no secret treaties among nations.
2. Freedom of the seas should be maintained for all.
3. Tariffs and other economic barriers among nations
should be lowered or abolished in order to foster
free trade.
4. Arms should be reduced “to the lowest point consis-
tent with domestic safety, thus lessening the possi-
bility of military responses” during diplomatic crises.
5. Colonial policies should consider the interests of the colonial peoples as well as the interests of the
imperialist powers.
205
Last 8 points dealt with..:
Boundary changes
206
The big four
Wilson, Lloyd George, Orlando, and Clamenceau
207
What did the big four do?
Worked out the treaty details
208
What did the treaty of Versailles establish?
9 new colonies
209
What did the treaty of Versailles carry?
War guilt clause
210
Head of the Conservatives senators
Henry Lodge Cabot
211
suspicious of the provision for joint economic and military action against aggression, even though it was voluntary
Conservative Senators
212
Did the U.S. Join the League of Nations?
No
213
What is armistice day AKA?
Veterans Day
214
When is armistice day?
November 11, 1919 at 11:00
215
Peace with punishment that leaves feelings with revenge
Vindictive peace
216
Peace with no punishment or feelings of revenge
Compassionate peace
217
When did the U.S. Enter war?
1917
218
Where did most of the war happen?- the four hundred miles of trenches
The western front
219
In which armies fought for mere yards of grounds, continued for over three years
French warfare
220
What was dorm of the new tools used during WW1?
U-boats, hot air balloons, and gas
221
When companies had to begin making things for war, instead of things for the people in America
Butter to guns
222
When a heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back-and-forth across Atlantic in groups
Convoy system
223
A person who opposes warfare
Conscientious object or
224
When all weapons that can possibly use and everyone is affected by
Total war
225
The official notes that are sold with the promise to pay the money back with interest or a certain date
Liberty bonds
