Chapter 21

Question 1

acting crowds

Answer 1

crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal

Question 2

alternative movements

Answer 2

social movements that limit themselves to self-improvement changes in individuals

Question 3

assembling perspective

Answer 3

a theory that credits individuals in crowds as behaving as rational thinkers and views crowds as engaging in purposeful behavior and collective action

Question 4

casual crowds

Answer 4

people who share close proximity without really interacting

Question 5

collective behavior

Answer 5

a noninstitutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage

Question 6

conventional crowds

Answer 6

people who come together for a regularly scheduled event

Question 7

crowd

Answer 7

a fairly large number of people who share close proximity

Question 8

crowdsourcing

Answer 8

the process of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people

Question 9

diagnostic framing

Answer 9

a the social problem that is stated in a clear, easily understood manner

Question 10

emergent norm theory

Answer 10

a perspective that emphasizes the importance of social norms in crowd behavior

Question 11

expressive crowds

Answer 11

crowds who share opportunities to express emotions

Question 12

flash mob

Answer 12

a large group of people who gather together in a spontaneous activity that lasts a limited amount of time

Question 13

frame alignment process

Answer 13

using bridging, amplification, extension, and transformation as an ongoing and intentional means of recruiting participants to a movement

Question 14

mass

Answer 14

a relatively large group with a common interest, even if they may not be in close proximity

Question 15

modernization

Answer 15

the process that increases the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies

Question 16

motivational framing

Answer 16

a call to action

Question 17

new social movement theory

Answer 17

a theory that attempts to explain the proliferation of postindustrial and postmodern movements that are difficult to understand using traditional social movement theories

Question 18

NGO

Answer 18

nongovernmental organizations working globally for numerous humanitarian and environmental causes

Question 19

prognostic framing

Answer 19

social movements that state a clear solution and a means of implementation

Question 20

public

Answer 20

an unorganized, relatively diffuse group of people who share ideas

Question 21

reform movements

Answer 21

movements that seek to change something specific about the social structure

Question 22

religious/redemptive movements

Answer 22

movements that work to promote inner change or spiritual growth in individuals

Question 23

resistance movements

Answer 23

those who seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure

Question 24

resource mobilization theory

Answer 24

a theory that explains social movements’ success in terms of their ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals

Question 25

revolutionary movements

Answer 25

movements that seek to completely change every aspect of society

Question 26

social change

Answer 26

the change in a society created through social movements as well as through external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations

Question 27

social movement

Answer 27

a purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal

Question 28

social movement industry

Answer 28

the collection of the social movement organizations that are striving toward similar goals

Question 29

social movement organization

Answer 29

a single social movement group

Question 30

social movement sector

Answer 30

the multiple social movement industries in a society, even if they have widely varying constituents and goals

Question 31

value-added theory

Answer 31

a functionalist perspective theory that posits that several preconditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur