Chapter 19

Question 1

anxiety disorders

Answer 1

feelings of worry and fearfulness that last for months at a time

Question 2

commodification

Answer 2

the changing of something not generally thought of as a commodity into something that can be bought and sold in a marketplace

Question 3

contested illnesses

Answer 3

illnesses that are questioned or considered questionable by some medical professionals

Question 4

demedicalization

Answer 4

the social process that normalizes “sick” behavior

Question 5

disability

Answer 5

a reduction in one’s ability to perform everyday tasks; the World Health Organization notes that this is a social limitation

Question 6

epidemiology

Answer 6

the study of the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases

Question 7

impairment

Answer 7

the physical limitations a less-able person faces

Question 8

individual mandate

Answer 8

a government rule that requires everyone to have insurance coverage or they will have to pay a penalty

Question 9

legitimation

Answer 9

the act of a physician certifying that an illness is genuine

Question 10

medical sociology

Answer 10

the systematic study of how humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and healthcare for both the sick and the healthy

Question 11

medicalization

Answer 11

the process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are redefined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy

Question 12

medicalization of deviance

Answer 12

the process that changes “bad” behavior into “sick” behavior

Question 13

mood disorders

Answer 13

long-term, debilitating illnesses like depression and bipolar disorder

Question 14

morbidity

Answer 14

the incidence of disease

Question 15

mortality

Answer 15

the number of deaths in a given time or place

Question 16

personality disorders

Answer 16

disorders that cause people to behave in ways that are seen as abnormal to society but seem normal to them

Question 17

private healthcare

Answer 17

health insurance that a person buys from a private company; private healthcare can either be employer-sponsored or direct-purchase

Question 18

public healthcare

Answer 18

health insurance that is funded or provided by the government

Question 19

sick role

Answer 19

the pattern of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them

Question 20

social epidemiology

Answer 20

the study of the causes and distribution of diseases

Question 21

socialized medicine

Answer 21

when the government owns and runs the entire healthcare system

Question 22

stereotype interchangeability

Answer 22

stereotypes that don’t change and that get recycled for application to a new subordinate group

Question 23

stigmatization

Answer 23

the act of spoiling someone’s identity; they are labeled as different, discriminated against, and sometimes even shunned due to an illness or disability

Question 24

stigmatization of illness

Answer 24

illnesses that are discriminated against and whose sufferers are looked down upon or even shunned by society

Question 25

underinsured

Answer 25

people who spend at least 10 percent of their income on healthcare costs that are not covered by insurance

Question 26

universal healthcare

Answer 26

a system that guarantees healthcare coverage for everyone