Chapter 20 part 1 Flashcards
chemical
generic (nonproprietary)
trade
classification by name
first name given to drug is likely
chemical name
usually a simplified spin off of the chemical name
generic
nonproprietary
name given to specify that a drug is made by that specific company
trade
proprietary
brand
trademark
example of trade, generic, chemical name
motrin
ibuprofen
chemical name
by action
by legal classification
alternate ways to classify drugs
drugs with similar chemical actions are grouped into drug familes
example: analgesics
classify by family
prescription dispensed by pharmacist
nonprescription
classifed by legal control
tablet
capsule
inhalation
suppository
solution
suspension
transdermal patch
dosage forms
most common (oral dose)
can be enteric coated or scored
some may be time release
tablet
can be powdered or liquid contained in gelatin shell
capsule
used for local or systemic effects
local treat asthma/COPD
systemic general anesthesia
inhalation
inserted into body orifice (dissolves)
suppository
one or more drugs dissolved in liquid carrier
rapidly absorbed
administered orally or parenternally (through the skin)
solution
one or more drugs in small particles are suspended in liquid carrier
not water soluable
should be shaken before administered
should not be administered intravenously
suspension
applied to skin surface and absorbed into bloodstream
releases drug over time
metals can overheat in MRI and cause burns
transdermal patch
drugs that relieve pain without loss oc consciousness
opiads
non-opiads
analgesics
narcotic
morphine and demerol
can cuase N/V and constipation
possible physical dependency
opioids
non-narcotic
acetomenophen do not cause dependency
non-opioids
act on CNS to produce loss of sensation
general and local
anesthetics
old days ether
modern pentothal
inhalation or IV for major surgery
overuse: irregular heartbeat, diff breathing, death
general anesthetic
block nerve conduction to that part of body
novacain
lidocaine
local anesthetic
act on CNS ro calm patient
valium
Xanax
antianxiety agents
used to treat heart arrythmias
cordorone
antiarrhythymiics
used to destroy or inhibit growth of microorganisms
broad spectrum
narrow spectrum
antibiotic
effective against large number of microorganisms
z-pak
cepro
broad spectrum antibiotic
effective against small number of microorganisms
penicillin
erythromyacin
narrow spectrum antibiotics
reduce smooth muscle tone, motility of gastrointestinal tract and secretions of respiratory tract secretory glands
may cause dry mouth, rapid heart beat and delerium
atropine
glucagon before BE
anticholinergic
anti-spasmatic
slow down the clotting time of blood
prevent thromboembolic disorders (blocking vessel due to clot)
heparin
coumadin
anticoagulants
used in angiography so catheter does not collcet blood clots
administered intravenously
should not be administered intramuscular can cause hematoma
heparin
anticoagulant
oral anti coagulant
coumadin
used to prevent or control seizures, either grand mal or petite mal
they don’t treat cause of seizure
dilantin for grand mal
depakote for petite mal
anticonvulsants
treatment of depression (6-12 weeks for effects)
selective seratonin Reuptake inhibitors (prozac, zoloft, paxil, lexapro)
low seratonin levels associated with depression
seratonin makes synapse of nerve more smooth
SSRI’s used for panic disorder
can cause N/V
antidepressants
treats type 1 or type 2
antidiabetic agents
absence of insulin
insulin used to treat
type 1 diabetes
insulin deficiency or resistance
glyburide (micronanse)
glipzide (glucotrol)
metformin (gluophage or glucovane)
recommended that metformin not be taken prior to iodinated contrast studies, get labs, can cause renal failure
type 2 diabetes
used to treat nausea and vomiting
better given before onset of symptoms
compazine
zofran
antiemetics
supress or destroy fungi
antifungal agents
treat both acute and chronic disorders
sedating
non-sedating
antihistamines
first generation
benedryl on crash cart
if emergency admisistered intramuscularl
sedating antihistamine
second generation
claritin orally for not as severe allergic disorders
non sedating antihistamine
reduce lipid levels in blood stream which can lead to atherosclerosis (leading cause of death in US for men and women)
one groujp statins
lipitor and zocor
can cause constipation, abdominal and or muscle pain and liver abnormalities
cholesterol should not be over 200
antihyperlipdemic agents
used to treat hypertension (HBP)
often usedin combination with other drugs (diuretics)
tenormin
lopressor
vasotec
antihypertensive
inhibit platelet buildup in blood stream
needed when have MI, strokes, TIA (ischemia means not enough blood)
often called blood thinnners
aspirin
plavix
repro
can cause bleeding.
apply pressure longer after injection
antiplatelets
treat psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia)
adverse effects sedation and orthostatic hypertension(dizzy when you stand or sit too fast)
haloperidol
antipsychotics
for peptic ulcers (both gastro and duodenal)
used for GERD (Gastro Esophogeal Reflux Disorder)
peptic ulcers caused by bacteria helicobactor pylori
zantac
prevacid
antiulcer agents
destroy or suppress growth of virus
treats herpes simplex, chicken pox, shingle , influenza and infections with HIV
retrovir and AZT treat HIV infections
antiviral
treat asthma and COPD
dilate brochioles
can cause nervousness and tachycardia
albuterol
bronchodilators
treat alzheimers disease
prevents too much uptake of acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter
cholinesterase inhibitor
control hemmorrhage or speed up clotting
most manufactured form of vitamin K
coagulants
treat both long term chronic inflammation disorders and short term acute inflammatoin
flovent for lungs
depro medrol for joints
corticosteroids
increase amount of urine excreted by kidneys
furosemide (lasik) is potent oneoften used to treat fluid buildup that may come from congestive heart failure
often used with antihypertensive drugs
pt may have to use bathroom often
diuretics
used to produce emesis (vomitting)
ipecac
emetics
used to stimulate the functional activity of endocrine system
premarin very common
may also inhibit hormon production
tamoxifen estrogen inhibitor
hormones
can be used to prep patients for procedures
small bowle, BE, colonoscopy
laxatives
prevent mood swings
treat manic depressant disorders (bipolar disorder)
mood stabilizing drugs
NSAIDs
act as analgesic as well as reduce fever and inflammation
ibuprofen (motrin) common one
some have caused CV issues
celebrex still on market
can cause GI irratation and bleeding
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
also called hypnotics (CNS depression)
mild sedation to complete sleep
can lead to physical dependence
zolpidem (ambien) common one
sedatives
increase function and or activity of CNS and brain
methylphenidate (ritalin) for ADHD (adderall)
Dopamine (intropine) often on crash cart to stimulate myocardium of heart and prevent shock and hypertension
stimulants
disolve clots (thrombi)
alteplase (activase) administered parenterally for MI/Stroke
thrombolytics
cause blood vessels to constrict
Norepinephrine is common one
vasoconstrictors
cause blood vessels to dilate
used for vascular disease and agina (heart pain)
nitroglycverin in still commom one (patch, sublinguilly, orally)
also epinephrine
vasodilators
valium
Xanax
versed (common used for pre-op)
antianxiety agents
cordorone
antiarrhythymiics
z-pak
cepro
broad spectrum antibiotic
penicillin
erythromyacin
Narrow spectrum antibiotics
delerium
atropine
glucagon before BE
anticholinergic
anti-spasmatic
heparin
coumadin
anticoagulants
dilantin for grand mal
depakote for petite mal
anticonvulsants
prozac
zoloft
paxil
lexapro
antidepressants
glyburide (micronanse)
glipzide (glucotrol)
metformin (gluophage or glucovane)
type 2 diabetes
antidiabetic
compazine
zofran
antiemetics
benedryl
sedating antihistamine
claritin
non sedating antihistamine
lipitor
zocor
antihyperlipdemic agents
tenormin
lopressor
vasotec
antihypertensive
aspirin
plavix
repro
antiplatelets
haloperidol
antipsychotics
zantac
prevacid
antiulcer agents
retrovir
AZT
antiviral
albuterol
bronchodilators
most manufactured form of vitamin K
coagulants
flovent for lungs
depro for joints
corticosteroids
furosemide (lasik)
diuretic
ipecac
emetics
premarin
tamoxifen
hormones
ibuprofen (motrin)
celebrex
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
zolpidem (ambien)
sedatives
methylphenidate (ritalin)
(adderall)
Dopamine (intropine)
stimulants
alteplase (activase)
thrombolytics
Norepinephrine
vasoconstrictors
nitroglycerin (patch, sublinguilly, orally)
also epinephrine
vasodilators
morphine
demerol
opioid analgesics
narcotic
acetomenophen
non-opioid analgesic
non-narcotic
ether
pentothal
general anesthetic
novacain
lidocaine
local anesthetic
