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Z MRI Clinical Prep > Chapter 15 vital signs > Flashcards

Chapter 15 vital signs Flashcards

1
Q

primary mechanism that adapt to response to maintain

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

physiological process by which the internal systems are maintained

A

homeostasis

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3
Q

mechanisms in homeostasis

A 
body temp
pulse rate
respiratory rate
blood pressure
sensorium (mental alertness)
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4
Q

measurement of degree of heat in deep tissue

A

body temperature

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5
Q

term used to describe body’s maintenance of heat production and loss

A

Thermoregulation

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6
Q

gland responsible for thermoregulation

A

hypothalamus

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7
Q

regulation of heat loss

A

diaphoresis (sweating)

heat generation

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8
Q

removes excess heat by ventilation

A

respiratory system

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9
Q

five routes for body temperature measurement

A 
Oral
Axillary
Tympanic
Rectal
Temporal
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10
Q

Oral temp

A

under tongue 20 sec to 3 min

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11
Q

Axillary temp

A

arm pit

inaccurate and time consuming 5-10 min

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12
Q

Tympanic temp

A

electronic in ear

stable in 3 seconds

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13
Q

rectal temp

A

ensure proper thermometer

2.5-5 min

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14
Q

temporal temp

A

TA meter
most accurate and fastest
sweep divice along forehead
most popular

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15
Q

normal body temps

A
  1. 7-99.5F

36. 5-37.5 C

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16
Q

temperature abnormalities

A

when body temp increases, metabolic rate increases and demands on cardiopulmonary system increase

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17
Q

temp above 99.5

A

hyperthermia

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18
Q

febrile

A

fever

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19
Q

temp below 97.7

A

hypothermic

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20
Q

hypothermic causes

A

exposure to cold
trauma to hypothalamus
medically induced

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21
Q

Respiratory system

A

delivery of O2 and elimination of CO2

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22
Q

major muscle of ventilation

A

diaphragm

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23
Q

inspiration

A

diaphragm moves downward expanding the chest cavity

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24
Q

expiration

A

diaphragm relaxes and chest cavity compresses

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25
Q

respiratory phase

A

inspiration and expiration

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26
Q

measuring respiration rate

A

without patients knowledge

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27
Q

normal adult respiration rate

A

12-20

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28
Q

normal child respiration rate

A

20-30

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29
Q

normal newborn respiration rate

A

30-60

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30
Q

respiration rate descriptions

A

rate
depth
pattern

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31
Q

tachypnea

A

rate above 20

child 30

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32
Q

bradypnea

A

rate below 12

child 20

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33
Q

dsypnea

A

difficult breathing

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34
Q

apnea

A

absence of breathing

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35
Q

sites for pulse measurment

A 
wrist
brachial artery
carotid artery
pedal artery
apical 
pulse oximeter
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36
Q

Wrist measurement

A

base of thumb

use index finger

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37
Q

brachial artery

A 
antecubital fossa (inside of elbow)
upper arm of children
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38
Q

carotid artery

A

just below angle of the mandible

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39
Q

pedal artery

A

over instep of foot

can be significant with concerns for peripheral circulation

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40
Q

Apical

A

stethoscope at apex of heart
count for full min
done if pulse is slow or irregular

41
Q

assculation

A

listening to internal sounds of body with stethoscope

42
Q

pulse oximeter

A

non invasive device
measures pulse and O2 saturation of arterial blood
usually located on finger, maybe earlobe, foot or nose
can be inaccurate. poor peripheral perfusion, nail polish/acrylic nails hinder readings

43
Q

Normal resting pulse adult

A

60-100

44
Q

normal resting pulse child

A

70-120

45
Q

tachycardia

A

heart rate above 100

46
Q

bradycardia

A

heart rate below 60

47
Q

tachycardia causes

A

exercise, fever, anemia, shock , fear, pain and anger

48
Q

bradycardia causes

A

unrelieved severe pain, physically fit atheletes, hypothermia

49
Q

blood pressure

A

systolic over diastolic

50
Q

diastolic

A

constant pressure on arteries when heart is relaxed

51
Q

systolic

A

peak pressure during heart contraction

52
Q

measure systolic

A

first sound you hear when cuff pressure released

53
Q

measure diastolic

A

when blood flow sound is no long heard

54
Q

normal systolic

A

95-140

55
Q

normal diastolic

A

60-90

56
Q

BP abnormalities

A

hypertension

hypotension

57
Q

hypertenstion

A

high BP above 140/90

58
Q

hypotension

A

low BP

95/60

59
Q

hypertension factors

A

increase workload on heart
heart, brain, kidney and lung damage
higher in men and African Americans
stress, medication, obesity and smoking

60
Q

hypotension factors

A

dizziness, confusion, blurred vision
may have inadequate blood volume
shock

61
Q

oxygen therapy

A

administration of additional O2

62
Q

oxygen saturation

A

21% of atmospheric gas

63
Q

absence of O2

A

brain damage in 6 min

64
Q

hypoxia

A

low oxygen level to tissues

65
Q

oxygen is defined as a

A

drug
must be prescribed by physician
as liters per min or concentration

66
Q

oxygen tank identification

A

green tank labeled as oxygen

67
Q

bad to give too much oxygen?

A

yes
dry out nasal mucosa
damage lungs
aveolar adema

68
Q

oxygen therapy devices

A

low flow

high flow

69
Q

low flow

A

less than 6 lpm

variable oxygen concentration

70
Q

high flow

A

greater than 6 lpm
fixed or precise concentration
provides entire respiratory volume

71
Q

oxygen therapy device types

A

nasal cannula

oxygen mask

72
Q

nasal cannula

A 
most prequently used
never over 6 lpm
prongs point downward inserted into nares
rates of 1-4 lpm  24-36%
low flow device
73
Q

Oxygen mask

A 
not tolerated as well as cannula
simple mask
non-rebreathing mask
partial re breathing
aerosol
air entrainment
74
Q

simple mask

A

low flow

75
Q

non rebreathing mask

A

bags attached

1 way valve to prevent exhaled air from being re breathed

76
Q

partial re breathing

A

does not have 1 way valve

77
Q

aerosol

A

high flow
w/nebulizer
at least 8 LPM
watch for fluid in corrugated tubing

78
Q

air entrainment

A

high flow
O2 forced through small tube in mask
constant O2 concentration regardless of changes to respiratory system

79
Q

Pediatric Oxy patients

A

tent

oxy hood

80
Q

pediatric tent

A

covers entire bed

difficult due to constant entering and exiting

81
Q

pediatric hood

A

generally used on infants

plastic or disposable box fits over infants head

82
Q

ventilator

A

artificial airway inserted into trachea connected to ventilator
controls rate, volume and content

83
Q

intubation

A

insertion of tube into canal or hollow organ, cavity

84
Q

tracheal intubation

A

trans laryngeal via nose or mouth
oro-throat
endo nose

85
Q

tracheostomy

A

surgical opening through naterior of trachea

86
Q

proper placement of trach tube

A

distal tip 1-2 inches superior to tracheal bifurcation

87
Q

malposition of tube

A

right stem due to lesser angle

can cause atelectasis of left lung (collapsed lung)

88
Q

chest tubes (thoracostomy)

A

used to drain intrapleural space and mediastinum

89
Q

pleural effusion

A

fluid in the plerual cavity

90
Q

pneumothorax

A 
air/gas in pleural cavity
bleb
fractured rib
cv line insertion error
gas producing microorganisms (empyema)
91
Q

bleb

A

rupture of lining of lung

92
Q

CV lines

A

may be single double or triple lumen

93
Q

types of cv lines

A

percutaneous
implanted
PICC lines
externally tunneled

94
Q

percutaneous

A

subclavin

95
Q

implanted

A

mediport

infusa port

96
Q

PICC line

A

peripheral insterted central cathether
basilic or cephalic vein
less infection

97
Q

externally tunneled

A

through layers of skin

98
Q

preferred junction for CV line

A

SVC

2-3 cm above right arterial junction

99
Q

preferred CV line insertion site

A

RT subclavian vein

Z MRI Clinical Prep (12 decks)

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