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Z MRI Clinical Prep > Chapter 16 part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hospital acquired infections or conditions

A

nosocomial infections

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2
Q

what % of hospital patients acquire some additional condition being in the hospital

A

5%

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3
Q

8th leading cause of death in the US

A

nosocomial related

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4
Q

infection after intervention with a physician or surgeon

ex: pneumonia after lung biopsy

A

iatrogenic

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5
Q

compromised immune system

A

what makes a patient more susceptible to nosocomial infection

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6
Q

medical personnel

patient flora

hospital environment

blood borne pathogens

A

nosocomial sources

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7
Q

normal bacteria on and in body

relationship neutral until compromised

A

patient flora

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8
Q

hospital instruments

fluids

food

air

medicatoins

mildew on walls

invasive procedures

A

fomites

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9
Q

HBV (Hep B)

HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)

A

blood borne pathogens

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10
Q

how is HBV spread? (most likely)

A

accidental needle stick

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11
Q

infects the immune system T4 blood cells

renders cells less effective in preventing disease

can lead to AIDS

A

HIV

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12
Q

Acquired immunodificiency syndrome

A

AIDS

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13
Q

foley catheter

endotracheal tube

A

invasive procedures

fomite..can acquire infection from it

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14
Q

urinary tract infection

(UTI)

A

most common nosocomial infection

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15
Q

mechaniccal

chemical

A

defenses to protect against infection

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16
Q

both mechanical and chemical defense

A

skin

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17
Q

skin physical barrier

A

mechanical defense of skin

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18
Q

sebaccious glands

sweat glands

A

skin chemical defense

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19
Q

mucous

A

chemical defense

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20
Q

rich in lysosome

destroys bacterial wall

A

tears and urine

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21
Q

phagocytes job

A

after infection has invaded body helps destroy

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22
Q

drug to kill microbe with in the host

A

chemotherapy

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23
Q

booster shots

A

immunizations

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24
Q

inhibit growth

tetracycline

A

static

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25
Q

kill and destroy

penicillian

A

cidal

26
Q

induce active immunity

make body produce anti-body

A

vaccines

27
Q

issue recommendations for infection control

act internationally

A

World Health Organization

WHO

28
Q

US Dept of Health and Human Services

Center for Disease Control and Prevention

A

establish procedures

29
Q

Dept of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Helath Admin

OSHA

A

Enforce procedures

30
Q

freedom from infection

A

asepsis

31
Q

surgical

medical

A

2 methods of asepsis

32
Q

prevent microbes before, during and after surgery using sterile technique

A

surgical asepsis

33
Q

killing all life forms

if done properly with surgical asepsis infection is zero

A

sterilization

34
Q

reduction in number of infectious agents

but not necessarily to zero

A

medical asepsis

35
Q

alters the environment for microbes

may or may not remove bacterial endospores

A

disinfectant

36
Q

topical disinfectant

A

antiseptic

37
Q

stops bacterial growth

A

bacteriostatic agent

38
Q

kills bacteria

A

bacteriocidal agent

ex: chlorine, iodine, hydrogen peroxide, ammonium, ethylene oxide

39
Q

chlorine

iodine, betadine

hydrogen 3% deep wounds

ammonia

ethylene oxide

A

bacteriocidal agents

40
Q

heat

UV light

A

physical methods of sterilization

41
Q

most preferred

more rapid

used with pressure

autoclave

A

heat sterilization

42
Q

moderate heat

followed by rapid cooling

A

pasteurization

43
Q

260nm wave lenght

A

UV light

44
Q

more effective: moist or dry (heat) sterilization

A

moist

45
Q

mask

gown

gloves

eyewear

faceshields

A

health care worker barriers

46
Q

single most important way to prevent spread of infection

A

hand washing

47
Q

washing process

A

both physical and chemical

48
Q

bacterial soap helps

take 7-8 min to remove transients

easy ones kill off less than 7-8 min

A

handwashing stats

49
Q

when do you wash hands

A

before and after each patient

50
Q

what do you avoid

A

splashing

51
Q

how do you turn water on and off

A

use foot/knee pedals if available

use towel to turn water off and on

52
Q

wash so water drips off hands

A

use gravity

hands below elbows

53
Q

subungual

A

under finger nails

54
Q

procedure when in contact with patients body fluids

A

gloves

55
Q

use one handed scoop method

place in sharps container

A

needle recapping

56
Q

use bleach solution or hospital grade disinfectant

A

bio spills

57
Q

patient wears mask when leaves room

negative pressure iso room

A

airborne precautions

58
Q

organism remains suspended in air on aerosol drops or dust

TB

varicella(chickenpox)

rubeola(measles)

A

airborne transmission

59
Q

can travel 3 feet before dropping to ground

surgical mask worn

A

droplet precautions

60
Q

coughs or sneezes

through mouth contact, nasal mucosa and conjunctiva of eye

A

droplet transmission

61
Q

virulent pathogen that spreads through contact with patient or and equipment

remove gloves before leaving room

A

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

MRSA

62
Q

impetigo

hep A

C-diff (clostridium difficile)

A

MRSA examples

Z MRI Clinical Prep (12 decks)

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