Chapter 20: Mental Health Counselling: Abuse, Addictions, and Disabilities (EIGHT) Flashcards
1
Q
What percent of the adult population in Canada report being limited due to a disability? What percent report having a severe disability?
A
- 13.7% of the adult population reported being limited in their daily activities due to a disability (2012)
- over one -quarter of persons with disabilities classified as having a severe disability
2
Q
Define: disability
A
- a condition whereby individuals have difficulties with daily living activities or where they experience a physical, mental, health problem that reduces the kind or amount of activities they can perform
- ex. driving, bathing, grocery shopping, more than just saying I have hearing loss
3
Q
Define: ability
A
A natural tendency to do something well such as carry out tasks in daily life
4
Q
5 Models for counselors when working with clients with disabilities:
A
- Medical model
- historically, how professionals were first involved with persons with disabilities - Biomedical model
- states that disabilities are objective conditions that exist in and of themselves - Environmental and Functional Model
- people carry a label with them
- chronic disabilities
- Often leads to labelling and prejudice - Sociopolitical and Minority Model
- assumes that persons with disabilities are a minority group rather than people with pathologies
- society sees disabled people as objects of inspiration, not seen as real people in real professions
- this model says living with disability doesn’t make you exceptional, because it’s not a bad thing
- they aren’t objects for the benefit of able people - Peer Counselor Model
- assumes that people with direct experience with disabilities are best able to help those who have recently acquired a disability
5
Q
Types of barriers people with disabilities face:
A
- Physical barriers –winter, sidewalks, narrow paths, lack of grab bars, lack of accessibility, public transit
- Social barriers –attitudes of community, employers, family
- Stigmas
- Access to service; it can be very difficult to navigate the social system even w/o barriers, now imagine with barriers
- Safety concerns
- Financial
- Housing
- Fear
- Employment
- Other Minority
6
Q
How do we become more inclusive?
A
- Education, ex. mixed classrooms, EAs, explaining helps remove fears and stigma
- Awareness
- Confidentiality
- Strength & Resilience
- Advocacy
- Language, ex. Have a disability vs I am disabled
7
Q
Counselors must often picking through what clients do on a daily basis and connecting these tasks to job skills. Link life skills to work skills and corresponding jobs.
A
- Computer skills –> writing, thinking skills –> office assistant, reception
- Crossword puzzles –> written and oral communication, reading, analysis
- Boardgames, cards —> teamwork, thinking skills, numeracy —> mail, postal, customer service, retail clerks
8
Q
Define: mental health counseling
A
- a specialized form of counseling performed in non-educational, community-based, or mental health settings
- interdisciplinary in its history, practice settings, skills/knowledge, and roles performed
9
Q
What are some higher risk populations for suicide?
A
- Gay Lesbian youth, 2-3 times higher
- First Nations youth, 5-7 times higher
- Inuit youth, 11 times the national average
- Sex (male)
- Age (older clients)
- Depression/Low Affect
- Previous attempt
- Alcohol abuse
- Rational thinking loss
- Social support system lacking (lonely, isolated)
- Organized plan/Previous attempt
- No partner
- Sickness (particularly chronic or terminal illness)
- Genetic Loading
- Loss of Employment
10
Q
Define: workaholism
A
- a compulsive and progressive, potentially fatal disorder
- characterized by self-imposed demands, compulsive overworking, inability to regulate work habits, and overindulgence in work to the exclusion and detriment of intimate relationships and major life activities
- negatively affects families and others around
11
Q
Define/exaplain: process addictions, 2 key features
A
- addiction to behaviors, ex. sexuality, gambling, internet use, gaming
1. individual is unable to control, cut back, or stop the behavior
2. individual continues to use the behavior despite substantial negative consequences
12
Q
Define/explain: the two primary areas of abuse
A
- Interpersonal
- involves violent or neglectful actions against others, especially those within one’s family
- ex. emotional abuse and physical abuse - Intrapersonal
- involves the misuse of objects or substances that were produced for one purpose, such as healing (prescriptive medication) or entertainment (video games), but are exploited excessively to the detriment of the person involved
- leads to addictions
13
Q
Signs of emotional abuse:
A
Jealousy Controlling behavior Unrealistic expectations Isolation Blaming for problems and for feelings Hypersensitivity Verbal abuse Rigid sex roles Sudden changes in personality and mood Threats of violence Breaking or striking objects Use of force during arguments
14
Q
Define/explain: child abuse in Canada
A
- involves acts of commission
- physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect and abandonment
- abuse is seldom of one type
- families who engage in abuse are usually chaotic in nature and have relationship deficits, usually patterns in family history
15
Q
Most common forms of child abuse in Canada:
A
- Child neglect -most prevalent form of child abuse in Canada
- Exposure to Domestic Violence/Physical abuse
- Emotional abuse
- Sexual abuse
16
Q
6 effects of child abuse:
A
- Aggression
- Delinquency, ex. Missing school
- Suicide
- Cognitive, academic, and psychological impairment in children
- Influence on adult behavior
- Less satisfaction with life as adults and prone to suffer for disorders that are behavioral, cognitive, and affective (i.e. depression and low self-esteem) in content
17
Q
Define/explain: Intimate partner violence
A
- aka spouse/partner abuse, domestic violence
- the attempt to “control the thoughts, beliefs, or behaviors of an intimate partner or punish the partner for resisting one’s control
- more women than men are victims
- Physical, Sexual, Psychological, Economic, Abuse
18
Q
Discuss legal and developmental issues in prevention/treatment for child abuse and neglect.
A
- Legal
- in most cases legal issues must be resolved before treatment can begin
- correcting the problem and preventing it from happening again
- abuser in the family may be separated from the family - Developmental and Psychological
- developmental and psychological matters must be dealt with
- child sexual abuse often is not treated until adulthood
- anger and feelings of betrayal
19
Q
Define: 3 Cs of addiction
A
- Loss of control
- Compulsive use
- Continued use
20
Q
Define: substance abuse
A
- to use a drug for the sole purpose of euphoria or recreation
- habitual misuse of intoxicating and addicting substances, such as alcohol, drugs, and tobacco
- abuse and addiction cause mental, physical, emotional, social, and spiritual damage
21
Q
What are the most prevalent factors affecting treatment for intrapersonal abuses and addiction:
A
- Motivation – internal desire to change
- Denial – minimizing effects of substance abuse on self or others
- Dual-diagnosis – more than one aspect of personality can be treated
- Matching – the right treatment for a disorder
- Control – the regulation of behavior
- Relapse – the reoccurrence of dysfunctional behaviors once they have been treated
22
Q
Define: polysubstance abuse/addiction
A
abuse of or addiction to two or more substances simultaneously
23
Q
Define: comorbidity in addictions
A
- the presence of one or more additional disorders/diseases co-occurring with a primary disease or disorder
- abuse of or addiction to substances is comorbid with a number of other disorders including depression, anxiety, conduct disorders, and attention deficit/hyperactivity
24
Q
Define: drugs
A
any substance other than food that can affect the way a person’s mind and body works, including stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens
