Chapter 17 - Career Counselling Over the Life Span (EIGHT) Flashcards
define/explain: C=W+L
(career = work + leisure) the integration of work and leisure in one’s career across the lifespan
-career counseling
- process of assisting individuals in the development of a life-career with a focus on the definition of the worker role and how that role interacts with other life roles
- aka vocational guidance, occupational counseling, and vocational counseling
define: job
an activity undertaken for economic returns
Factors that career counselors must consider when helping with career decisions:
- avocational interests, aka hobbies
- age or stage in life, ex. age requirements for jobs
- maturity
- gender
- familial obligations
- civic roles
Define: Holland’s six categories in which personality types and job environments can be classified: (Trait-and-factor theory of career development)
- Realistic – Skilled, concrete, technical, mechanical (engineer, mechanic, farmer)
- Investigative – scientific, abstract, analytical (researcher, computer programmer, lab technician)
- Artistic – creative, imaginative, aesthetic (musician, painter, writer)
- Social - educational, service oriented, sociable (counsellor, teacher, nurse)
- Enterprising – persuasive, outgoing, verbal (sales, management, entrepreneur)
- Conventional – organized, practical, conforming (accountant, teller, clerk
What are the 3 main career development theories that try to explain why individuals choose careers?
- Trait-and-factor
- Developmental theories
- Social cognitive career theory
Super’s 5 stages of vocational development in which each stage contains a developmental task to be completed: (Developmental theory of career development)
- Growth
- children form a mental picture of themselves in relation to others. Become oriented to the world of work
- role playing, abilities are considered - Exploration
- from entry to school, leisure activities, working part-time, to first job
- focus is on the general exploration of the world of work and the specification of a career preference
- development of realistic self-concept - Establishment
- becoming established in a preferred and appropriate field of work - Maintenance
- preserving what one has already achieved - Decline
- a time for disengagement from work and alignment with other sources of satisfaction, ex. from deceleration, to retirement, to death
Explain the major characteristic of developmental theories of career development.
- developmental theories are more inclusive, more concerned with longitudinal expression of career behavior, and more inclined to highlight the importance of self-concept
- career choice is linked with implementing one’s vocational self-concept
Krumboltz’s 4 factors that influence career choice: (Social Cognitive Career Theory)
- Genetic endowment
- Conditions and events in environment
- Learning experiences
- Task approach skills (values, work habits)
Explain Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT):
- assumes that personal attributes, the environment, and overt behavior operate with each other in an interlocking bidirectional way
- most important part is self-efficacy; one’s beliefs regarding his/her ability to successfully perform a particular task
3 reasons many people have difficulties making career decisions:
- Lack of readiness
- due to lack of motivation, indecisiveness, dysfunctional beliefs - Lack of information
- about the self, the decision making process, occupations, ways of getting information - Inconsistent information
- due to internal and external conflicts
Focus of career development programs for children should include:
- Awareness
- Experiential activities
- Choice
- Career information
- Career opportunities and education
define/explain: career information delivery systems (CIDS)
- includes assessment, occupational search, occupational information, and educational information
- then spend some time doing labour market research on the careers that continually come up and/or the interests he/she has
- can look up information on the training required for various careers
Cognitive Techniques for career counselling
- guided fantasies; ex. imagining a typical day in the future, an awards ceremony, a mid-career change, or retirement
- providing fundamental information about career entry and development, ex. career fair
- completing an occupational family tree to find out how present interests compare with the careers of family members
Six guidelines for successful educational counseling programs for at-risk students:
- Make a connection between a student’s present and future status
- Individualize programs and communicate caring
- Form successful coalitions with community institutions and businesses
- Integrate sequencing of career development activities
- Offer age- and stage-appropriate career development activities
- Use a wide variety of media and career development resources, including computers
