CHAPTER 20 - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Flashcards
System component that receives input from automatic and manual fire alarm devices that may provide power to detection devices or communication devices
Fire alarm control panel
Electrical device used to indicate the source or location of an activated fire alarm initiating device or the system
Annunciator panel
Designated room or area in the structure where the status of the fire detection, alarm, and protection system is displayed in the systems can be manually controlled; maybe staffed or unstaffed and can be accessed by the fire department
Fire command center
Alarm system that alerts and notifies only occupants on the premises of the existence of a buyer so that they can safely exit the building and call the fire department
Protected premises system
System that connects the protected property with the fire department alarm communication center by a municipal master fire alarm box for over a dedicated telephone line
Auxiliary alarm system
Auxiliary fire alarm system that has its own power source
Local energy system
And auxiliary fire alarm system that connects a public fire alarm reporting system to initiating devices within a protected premises
Shunt systems
Fire protection system owned and operated by the property owner
Proprietary alarm system
Alarm system that functions through a constantly attended location operated by an alarm company
Central station system
System in which alarm signals from the protected premises are transmitted over at least telephone line or by radio signal to a remote receiving station with 24 hour staff
Remote receiving system
Alarm system component that transmits a signal want to change occurs
Alarm initiating device
Manual fire alarm activator
Manual pull station
Alarm initiating device that is designed to be responsive to a predetermined rate of temperature increase or to a predetermined temperature level
Heat detector
Connecting link device that fuses or melts when exposed to heat
Fusible link
Small glass vial fitted into a detector or sprinkler. The glass vial is partially filled with liquid that expands as he increases
Frangible bulb
Temperature sensitive device that sounds an alarm when the temperature changes at a preset value
Rate of rise heat detector
Alarm initiating device designed to activate one visible or invisible products of combustion are present in the room or space where the unit is installed
Smoke detector
Device designed to sound an alarm when the products of combustion are present in the room where installed. Built in device rather than separate unit
Smoke alarm
Smoke doctor that uses a small light source, either in incandescent bulb, or a light emitting diode, to detect smoke by shining light through the detector chamber. Smoke particles reflect the light into a light-sensitive device called a photocell
Photo electric smoke detector
Type of smoke detector that uses a small amount of radioactive material to make the air within a sensing chamber conduct electricity
Ionized smoke detector
Detection and alarm device used in some fire detection systems that the text light/flames and the ultraviolet waves spectrum or detect light in the infrared waves spectrum
Flame detector
Device used to detect gases produced by a fire within a confined space
Fire gas detector
System of water pipes, discharge nozzles, and control valves designed to activate during fires by automatically discharging enough water to control or extinguish a fire
Automatic sprinkler system
Waterflow discharge device in the sprinkler system; consists of a threaded and take nipple, discharge orifice, he actuated plug, and the deflector to create an effective fire stream pattern that is suitable for fire control
Sprinkler
Vertical water pipe used to carry water for fire protection systems above ground such as a stamp pipe riser or sprinkler riser
Riser
Pipe connecting the sprinkler system to the cross mains
Feeder main
Pipe connecting the feed Maine to the branch lines in which the sprinklers are located
Cross main
A pallet of sod or under compression was in a small cylinder, that melts at a predetermined temperature, allowing a plunger to move down and release the valve Parts.
Chemical pellet
Part of the sprinkler assembly that creates the discharge pattern of the water
Deflector
Water main valve that visually shows the open or close status of the valve
Indicating valve
Valve that allows piping to drain one pressure is relieved in the pipe
Drain valve
Type of check valve installed in the riser an automatic sprinkler system that transmits a waterflow alarm when the water flow system lifts the valve Clapper
Alarm check valve
Chamber that catches and slows the excess water that may be sent through the alarm valve an automatic sprinkler system during momentary water pressure surges
Retard chamber
Detector that recognizes movement of water within the sprinkler standpipe system. Once movement as noted, the waterflow detector gives a local alarm and or may transmit the alarm
Water flow device
Automatic valves are permits liquid flow in only one direction
Check valve
Fire suppression system that is built into a structure or site; piping contains either water or foam solutions continuously
Wet pipe sprinkler system
Fire suppression system that consists of clothes sprinklers attached to a piping system that contains air under pressure. When activates, air is released and activates the water or foam control valve and fuels the piping with extinguishing agent
Dry pipe sprinkler system
Fire suppression system that consists of piping and open sprinklers. A fire detection system is used to activate the water or phone control valve. When the system activates, they extinguishing agent expels from all sprinkler heads in the designated area.
Deluge sprinkler system
Fire suppression system that consists of clothes sprinkler heads attached to a piping system that contains air under pressure and a secondary detection system; both must operate before the extinguishing agent is released into the system
Pre-action sprinkler system
Wet or dry system of pipes and a large single-story or multi story building with firehose outlets installed in different areas or on different levels of the building to be used by firefighters and or the building occupants
Standpipe system
Permanently fixed, private standpipe hoseline
House line
System that limits the exposure of building occupants to smoke may include a combination of compartmentation Control of smoke migration from the affected area, and a means of removing smoke to the XT rear of
Smoke management system
Interface between the smoke management system and the fire response forces
Firefighters smoke control station
An alarm signal must activated if the primary power source to the alarm system is interrupted. True or false?
True
A protected premises alarm signaling system is monitored by responders at a Remote receiving point. True or false?
False – they are designed to notify building occupants on the immediate premises only
A supervising station alarm system continuously monitors a remote location. True or false?
True
Fixed temperature heat detectors are the most prone to false activations. True or false
False – they are least prone
Feasible links infrangible bulbs in heat detectors do not automatically reset after activation. True or false?
True
A heat detector can initiate an alarm more quickly than a smoke detector. True or false?
False – smoke detector activates more quickly
Flame detectors are among the fastest detectors to respond to fires. True or false?
True
Sprinkler systems are designed to discharge enough water to make firefighter response unnecessary. True or false?
False – designed to discharge enough water to extinguish were prevent spread until firefighters arrive
Fire alarm systems are important life safety components of fire protection systems. Fire alarm systems provide notification of an emergency condition to____, and possibly to a local response organization.
Building occupants
NFPA standards specify a minimum design area that should be used to calculate the sprinkler system. This minimum area is based on the maximum number of sprinklers that might be expected to activate at one time, at the assumption that only a___of the sprinklers will activate during a fire
Portion
Sprinkler systems and Hance life safety by limiting products of combustion and preventing the spread of a fire upward and multistory buildings, protecting building occupants. Sprinklers enhance life safety for firefighters by controlling fire in early stages, enhancing life safety during___and fire suppression operations.
Search and rescue
Standpipe systems are valuable during___operations because they reduce the amount of hose needed to reach areas already controlled by sprinklers
Overhaul
When activated, this alarm system component sends a signal to FACP
Initiating device
This alarm system component may control public address or mass notifications
Fire alarm control panel
This alarm system component may include building plans and system diagrams
Fire command center
This alarm system component is directly connected to power and fire alarm circuits
Fire alarm control panel
This alarm system component is broken into categories that include audible, Visual, textual, and tactile
Notification appliances
This fire alarm system component consolidates fire protection system controls into one room
Fire command center
This alarm system component may include batteries with chargers and auxiliary generators
Power supplies
Alarm system component that contains electronics to control and monitor fire alarm system
Fire alarm control panel
Alarm system component that may send signal to central alarm monitoring center or to FIRE DEPT
Notification appliance
Alarm system component that has automatic types that since products of combustion or other hazardous conditions
Initiating devices
Alarm system components primary source usually obtained from buildings main connection to local utility provider
Power supplies
Alarm system component receives signals from alarm initiating devices, process signals, produces output signals
Fire alarm control panel
Protected premises alarm signaling systems simplest type of local alarm
Noncoded alarm
Protected premises alarm signaling system only practical and small occupancies
Noncoded alarm
Protected premises alarm signaling system allows for quick location and correction of system malfunctions
Addressable alarm system
Protected premises alarm signaling system responders can pinpoint specific initiating device activated
Addressable alarm system
Protect the premises alarm signaling system not capable of identifying initiating device that triggered the alarm
Non-coded alarm
Protected premises alarm signaling system enables responders to identify general location of alarm activation
Zoned/announced alarm
Projected premises alarm signaling system indicators on fire alarm control panel illuminate for a particular zone
Zoned/annunciated alarm
Protected process alarm signaling system displays location of each initiating device on fire alarm control panel
Addressable alarm system
Supervising station alarm signaling system connected to municipal fire alarm system
Auxiliary alarm system
Supervising station alarm signaling system monitored by a contracted services at the
Central station system
Supervising station alarm signaling system system not connected through municipal alarm box system
Remove receiving system
Supervising station alarm signaling system each building has own alarm system wired into common receiving point
Proprietary system
Supervising station alarm signaling system may be a shunt system, and municipal circuit extending into protected property
Auxiliary alarm system
Supervising station alarm signaling system trained personnel staff the receiving station, summon fire department response
Proprietary system
Supervising station alarm signaling system system connected to emergency services telecommunication through telephone line via dedicated radiofrequency
Remote receiving system
Alarm initiating device activated by light in ultraviolet or infrared spectrum
Flame detector
Alarm initiating device activated by presence of smoke and other products of combustion
Smoke detector
Alarm initiating devices activated manually, allows occupants to initiate fire signaling system
Pull station
Alarm initiating devices activated by presence of gases released one fire burns in a confined space
Fire gas detector
Alarm initiating devices activated one temperature and monitored area reaches predetermined threshold
Heat detector
Sprinkler orientation type deflects spray down word in hemispherical pattern; cannot be inverted
Up right
Sprinkler orientation type breaks water into circular pattern of small droplets directed downward; used where impractical to use up right
Pendant
Sprinkler orientation type discharges most of water to one side; used when necessary to install on wall at side of room, or to save space
Sidewall
Sprinkler orientation type hidden by removal decorative cover that releases when exposed to specific heat level
Concealed
Regular orientation type mounted in the ceiling with body of sprinkler including threaded shank above the plane of ceiling
Flush
Sprinkler orientation type installed and housing within the ceiling compartment or space, all or part other than threaded shank in housing
Recessed
Sprinkler orientation type incorporates protective disc that Shields heat sensing element from water discharged from sprinklers above
In rack
Sprinkler system application contains water under pressure at all times
Wet pipe systems
Sprinkler system application use extinguishing agents other than water
Special systems
Sprinkler system application simplest type, generally requires little maintenance
Wet type system
Sprinkler system application all sprinklers open all the time
Deluge system
Sprinkler system application valve controls waterflow to discharge through all sprinklers
Deluge system
Sprinkler system application used when it is especially important to prevent water damage
Pre-action systems
Sprinkler system application used in locations where temperatures remain above 40°
Wet pipe system
Sprinkler system application valve controls waterflow to discharge when sprinklers are activated
Pre-action system
Sprinkler system application May use Excelerator for exhauster to redirect or expel air from system
Dry pipe system
System designed to protect structure and minimize loss due to fire
Fire protection system
Sprinkler system application normally, air pressure gauge reads at lower pressure than water pressure gauge
Dry pipe system
Sprinkler system application types include what chemical, dry chemical, clean agent, carbon dioxide and foam
Special systems
Sprinkler system applications system that employs deluge type , Fire detection devices, and closed sprinklers
Pre-action systems
Sprinkler system application connected to water supply, will immediately discharge water spray and activate alarm
Wet pipe system
Sprinkler system application air or nitrogen under pressure replaces water and sprinkler piping above dry pipe valve
Dry pipe systems
Type of standpipe system maintain full of water, but has no water supply
Manual wet
Standpipe system contains air under pressure, water admitted to system upon opening of hose valve
Automatic dry
Standpipe system water supply control valve is open and pressure maintained in the system at all time
Automatic wet
Standpipe system requires activation of control device; water admitted when dry pipe valve is activated at hoes station
Semi automatic dry
Stamp pipe system does not have permanent water supply, designed to have water only one system is supplied through fire department connection
Manual dry
Central station systems are monitored by:
Contracted services, such as alarm companies
Which type of alarm initiating device is activated when the temperature in a monitored area reaches a predetermined threshold?
Heat detector
Which type of heat detector activates when solder melts, allowing a spring operated contact to close, completing a circuit?
Fusible link
Which type of heat detector is activated by liquid expanding to break a glass bio and allow contacts to complete the circuit
Frangible bulb
Which type of heat detector detects heat over a linear line parallel to the detector
Continuous line detector
How is a cable continuous line heat detector activated
He causes insulating material on the cable to lose electrical resistance, on the current flow increases, and a signal transmitted to the fire alarm control panel
How is a bimetallic heat detector activated
To metals with different rates of thermal expansion are bonded together; he causes the bonded metals to arch and make or break a circuit
Which type of alarm initiating devices activate in the presence of smoke and other products of combustion
Smoke detectors
Smoke detectors and smoke alarms are activated by;
The presence of smoke and other products combustion
Which type of smoke detector uses a tiny amount of radioactive material to detect products of combustion
Ionization
The basic types of flame detectors are focused on the___spectrums
Ultraviolet and infrared
Common sprinkler release mechanisms such as fusible links, frangible bulbs, and chemical pellets open in response to___.
Heat
Temperature ratings on sprinklers can be identified by:
The temperature stamped into the sprinkler
Which sprinkler orientation type breaks water into a circular pattern of small droplets directed downward
Pendant
What is the primary purpose of the sprinkler system main control valve?
Drain water from the system for maintenance
Which sprinkler system operating valve is used to check the system water supply and to allow personnel to drain water from the system for maintenance?
Main drain valve
Sprinkler system fire department connections providing additional water pressure should be supplied from pumpers with capacity of at least___, attached to a minimum of two 2 1/2 inch or larger hoses
1000 gallons per minute
Class one standpipe systems are:
Primarily used by personnel trained in handling large hose lines
Which standpipe classification provides both one and a half inch hose stations to supply water for use by trained building occupants and 2 1/2 inch hose for use by fire departments
Class III
Which type of standpipe system has the water supply valve open and pressure maintained in the system at all time, and is capable of meeting system demand automatically?
Automatic wet
In which smoke control system/method our mechanical fans and ventilation used to create a pressure difference across the barrier, preventing smoke from infiltrating into the high-pressure side
Pressurization
In which smoke control system/method is the building divided into zones, a mechanical fan is used to contain smoke in the zone of fire origin?
Zone smoke controlled
Zone smoke control systems are designed to:
Limit movement of smoke from one compartment of the building to another
Four main components of a typical alarm system
Fire alarm control panel
Power supplies
Initiating devices
Notification appliances
What are the three basic types of protected premises or local alarm systems?
Noncoded
Zoned/announced
Addressable
What are the four basic types of supervising station alarm systems
Auxiliary
Proprietary
Central station
Remote receiving
Lists five types of alarm initiating devices
Heat detector Smoke detector Flame detector Fire gas detector Combination
What are the two general types of automatic sprinkler systems
Complete
Partial
What are your three design and installation criteria for sprinkler system installation given in NFPA 13, 13D and 13R
Spacing of sprinklers
Size of piping used
Method of hanging pipe
List five reasons sprinkler systems may fail
Partially or completely closed main water control valve
Interruption to the municipal water supply
Damaged or painted over sprinklers
Frozen/broken pipes
Excess debris or settlement and pipes
