CHAPTER 16 - FIRE STREAMS Flashcards
Quantity of heat absorbed by a substance at the point at which it changes from a liquid to a vapor
Latent heat of vaporization
Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a specified unit of mass of the material 1° in temperature
Specific heat
Loss of pressure created by the turbulence of water moving against the interior walls of firehose, pipes, fittings, and adapters
Friction loss
Force created by the rapid deceleration of water causing a violent increase in pressure that can be powerful enough to rupture piping or damage fixtures.
Waterhammer
Stream of water or other water-based extinguishing agent after it leaves the fire hose and nozzle until it reaches the desired point
Fire stream
The minimum flow rate at which extinguishment can be achieved
Critical flowrate
Hose stream that stays together as a solid mass, as opposed to a fog or spray stream
Solid stream
Velocity pressure at which water is discharged from the nozzle
Nozzle pressure
Fire stream of finely divided particles used for fire control
Fog stream
A nozzle with a straight, Smooth tip, designed to produce a solid fire stream
Smoothbore nozzle
And adjustable pattern nozzle equipped with a shut off control device
Fog nozzle
Semi solid stream that is produced by a fog nozzle
Straight stream
Stream of water that has been broken into coarsely divided drops
Broken stream
Large caliber water stream usually supplied by combining two or more hose lines into a manifold device or by fixed piping that delivers 350 gallons per minute or more
Master stream
Valve having a ball shaped internal component with a hole through its center that permits water to flow through when aligned with the waterway
Ball valve
Counter force directed against a person holding a nozzle or a device holding a nozzle by the velocity of water being discharged
Nozzle reaction
The primary way water extinguishes fire is by absorbing heat. True or false?
True
Water broken into small particles absorbs heat last rapidly than water in a compact solid stream. True or false?
False – absorbs more rapidly
Steam produced during the firefighting is an unintended byproduct of water used as an extinguishing agent. True or false?
False – it is necessary for effective and efficient use of water
To extinguish a fire by cooling, the heat absorbing capability of the fire stream must exceed the heat output of fire.
True
Once the nozzle pressure has produced a fog stream with maximum reach, increasing nozzle pressure does little more then increase the volume of water flowing. True or false?
True
NFPA 1963 statuses three general categories of nozzles; straight Tip, spray, and piercing. True or false?
False – two categories; straight Tip and spray
A celler nozzle is usually controlled by a valve located one section of hose away from the nozzle. True or false?
True
Rotary control valves control both the flow of water and the discharge pattern of the fire stream. True or false?
True
As a fog pattern widens, the nozzle reaction increases and the nozzle becomes more difficult to handle. True or false?
False – the reaction decreases
Basic nozzle maintenance, care, and cleaning should always be performed according to the manufacturers recommendations. True or false?
True
During a training evolution, the operator of the hand of line quickly closed the nozzle control valve. The hose line and water pump or damaged by the resulting pressure surge, referred to as______.
Waterhammer
Observations and tests classify streams that do not lose continuity until after the break over point and that are cohesive enough to maintain their original shape and attain the required height as______.
Effective streams
Large volume fire streams are created by apparatus mounted pipes. These streams, which can be fed by one or more 2 1/2 or 3 inch hose lines or large diameter hose lines, are called_____.
Master stream
One type of valve, when fully open, gives maximum flow and performance. This valve, which provides effective control with minimum effort, Is the______.
Ball valve
Water flowing from a nozzle creates a force in the direction of the stream and equal force in the opposite direction, pushing back against the operator. This force that acts against the nozzle and the curves in the hose line, and can make the nozzle difficult to handle, is called_____.
Nozzle reaction
Fire stream that discharges less than 40 gallons per minute
Low-volume stream
Fire stream that discharges more than 350 gallons per minute
Master stream
Fire stream that discharges from 40 to 350 gallons per minute
Hand line stream
Fire stream that is supplied by a large diameter hose line
Master stream
Fire stream that is supplied by 1 1/2 to 3 inch hose
Hand line stream
Fire stream that is supplied by one or more 2 1/2 or 3 inch hose lines
Master stream
Firescreen that is supplied by 3/4 inch, 1 inch, or one and a half inch hose lines
Low-volume stream
Compact stream with a little shower or spray
Solid stream
Find the spray composed of tiny water droplets
Fog stream
Stream broken into coarsely divide droplets
Broken stream
Produced by fixed orifice, smooth bore nozzle
Solid stream
Has characteristics most similar to solid stream
Straight stream
Able to reach areas other streams might not reach
Solid stream
Created by cellar, penetrating, and chimney nozzles
Broken stream
Semi solid stream produced by an adjustable nozzle
Straight stream
Can be used for crew protection, and to cool the hot fire gas layer
Fog stream
Exposes maximum surface for greatest heat absorption per gallon
Fog stream
Produces less steam conversion and less heat absorption per gallon
Solid stream
Can have narrow too wide pattern produced by adjustable pattern nozzle
Fog stream
Used to extinguish fires in attics, cocklofts, basements and other enclosed spaces.
Broken stream
And adjustable pattern fog nozzle in which the rated discharge is delivered at a designed nozzle pressure and nozzle setting
Basic fog nozzle
And adjustable pattern fog nozzle in which the pressure remains relatively constant through a range of discharge rates
Constant pressure (automatic) fog nozzle
An adjustable pattern fog nozzle that discharges a constant discharge rate throughout the range of patterns at a designed nozzle pressure
Constant gallonage fog nozzle
A constant discharge rate fog nozzle with a feature that allows manual adjustment of the orifice to affect a predetermined discharge rate while the nozzle is flowing
Constant/select gallonage fog nozzle
Approximately how many BTU per pound is required to vaporize water at the boiling point?
970
What will cause the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases in a compartment to expand downward?
Steamer formed in contact with hot surfaces
An increase and water pressure at the nozzle might be caused by:
Placing the nozzle below the fire pump
If the nozzle is above the fire pump, nozzle pressure is_____.
Decreased
Fire stream patterns are defined by the volume of water flowing from the nozzle per minute and the:
Specific pattern or shape of the water after it leaves the nozzle