Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 2 > Chapter 20 (Exam 5) > Flashcards

Chapter 20 (Exam 5) Flashcards

1
Q

____ is the actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs.

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

____ makes up the respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces.

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 things that would happen if the type II pneumocytes of the lungs are damaged.

A

Loss of surfactant
Decreased rate of gas exchange
Increased surface tension in the alveoli
Increased tendency to alveolar collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ____ makes up the layers through which the respiratory gases diffuse.

A

Alveolar Capillary Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

____ occurs across the respiratory membrane?

A

Gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

____ states that gas volume is inversely proportional to pressure?

A

Boyle’s law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The function of ____ is to maintain adequate alveolar ventilation.

A

Pulmonary Ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which is greater?
Partial pressure of O2 in atmospheric air?
or
Partial pressure of O2 in the alveoli?

A

Partial pressure of O2 in atmospheric air.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

____ states that if the volume goes up, the pressure goes down.

A

Boyle’s Law of Gasses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Air moves in/out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the pressure in the atmosphere?

A

Out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to the volume of the thorax when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract?

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

____ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions.

A

Tidal volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____ states that the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas?

A

Henry’s law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

____ states that in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.

A

Dalton’s law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____ is the process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the bold and interstitial fluids.

A

Internal respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

____ involves the diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood.

A

External respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is bound to ____.

A

hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which would be greater?
The percent of O2 saturation of hemoglobin when pH is 7.2
or
The percent of O2 saturation of hemoglobin when pH is 7.6

A

The percent of O2 saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.6.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The effectiveness of ____ increases with low pH alters hemoglobin structure so that oxygen binds less strongly to hemoglobin at low PO2.

A

Internal respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

____ would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues?

A

Decreased pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

According to the ____, if the ph decreased, hemoglobin releases more oxygen.

A

Bohr effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as ____.

A

Bicarbonate ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

____ are thin and delicate squamous epithelial cells

A

Type 1 pneumocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

During inhalation, the pressure inside the lungs is ____ the the pressure outside the body.

A

Less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive in what type of breathing.

A

Quiet breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

____ is the condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli.

A

Respiratory distress syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What system is responsible for gas exchange?

A

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

____ is the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by tissue cells?

A

Internal respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

____ refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs.

A

Pulmonary ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Name 4 muscles that might be recruited to increase inspired volume?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Pectoralis minor
Scalenes
Serratus anterior

31
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen in systemic arterial blood is approximately ____.

A

95 mm Hg

32
Q

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the venous blood is approximately ____.

A

45 mm Hg

33
Q

Which is greater?
The percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the temp is 38 degrees centigrade.
or
The percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the temp is 43 degrees centigrade.

A

38 degrees centigrade

34
Q

____ is in RBC’s, is an enzyme, can increase the amount of bicarbonate ion in plasma, and can convert carbon dioxide into carbonic acid.

A

Carbonic anhydrase

35
Q

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ____.

A

Inspiratory center of the DRG

36
Q

Prolonged deep inspirations can result from stimulating the ____ center.

A

Apneustic

37
Q

____ provides stimulation to the DRG to promote inhalation.

A

Apneustic Centers of the pons

38
Q

Expiratory movements are produced by contraction of the ____ muscles.

A

Internal Intercostal muscles

39
Q

____ is calculated by multiplying the respiratory rate, f, by the tidal volume, Vt.

A

Respiratory minute volume, Ve

40
Q

____ refers to the amount of air reaching the alveoli each minute.

A

Alveolar ventilation

41
Q

____ equals the respiratory rate x (tidal volume - anatomic dead space)

A

Alveolar ventilation rate

42
Q

____ occurs due to the destruction of alveolar surfaces and inadequate surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

A

Emphysema

43
Q

____ affects accessory inspiratory and expiratory muscles.

A

Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)

44
Q

____ is in the pons and inhibits the apneustic center.

A

Pneumotaxic center

45
Q

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is ____.

A

Carbon Dioxide

46
Q

____ are squamous epithelial cels that are unusually thin and delicate and are the sites of gas diffusion.

A

Type 1 pneumocytes

47
Q

____ are scattered amount the squamous cells, and produce surfactant.

A

Type 2 pneumocytes

48
Q

____ is an oily secretion containing a mixture of phospholipids and proteins that forms a superficial coating over a thin layer of water.

A

Surfactant

49
Q

____ patrol the epithelial surface and phagocytize any particulate matter that has eluded other respiratory defenses and reached the alveolar surfaces.

A

Roaming alveolar macrophages

50
Q

Gas exchange occurs across the ____.

A

Respiratory membrane

51
Q

____ includes all the processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body’s interstitial fluid and the external environment.

A

External Respiration

52
Q

____ is the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by tissue cells.

A

Internal Respiration

53
Q

____ involves the physical movement of air into and out of the lungs.

A

Pulmonary Ventilation/Breathing

54
Q

_____ is the movement of air into and out of the alveoli.

A

Alveolar Ventilation

55
Q

____ is considered low tissue oxygen levels and places severe limits on the metabolic activities.

A

Hypoxia

56
Q

____ refers to the supply of oxygen being cut off completely.

A

Anoxia

57
Q

____ is the amount of air you move into or out of your lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions.

A

Resting Tidal Volume Vt

58
Q

If you multiply the respirator rate (breaths per minute) by the tidal volume, you get ____.
f x Vt = ____.

A

Respiratory Minute Volume

Ve

59
Q

Respiratory rate at rest averages how many breaths per minute/

A

12

60
Q

Tidal volume at rest averages around how many mL per breath.

A

500 mL

61
Q

The air that never reaches the alveoli but remains in the conducting portion of the lungs is called ____.

A

Anatomic dead space

Vd

62
Q

How to calculation alveolar ventilation? Va

A 
Breaths per minute x (Tidal volume - Anatomic dead space)
F x (Vt - Vd) = Va
63
Q

The ____ of a gas is the pressure contributed by a single gas in a mixture of gases.

A

Partial pressure

64
Q

What is the percentage of O2 in partial pressure?

A

20.9%

65
Q

What is the percentage of CO2 in partial pressure?

A

.04 %

66
Q

Name 4 things that influence gas exchange?

A

Partial pressure
Solubility of the gas
Thickness of the capillary membrane
Surface area

67
Q

Oxygen is transported in the blood with ____

A

Hemoglobin

68
Q

What is the oxygen specifically attached to in the heme unit?

A

The iron ions

69
Q

____ is an indication of how much force is required to inflate or deflate the lungs.

A

Resistance

70
Q

____ is an indication of the expandability of the lungs.

A

Compliance

71
Q

____ is a general term indicating a progressive disorder of the airways that restricts airflow and reduces alveolar ventilation.

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

72
Q

____ is a condition characterized by conducting passageways that are extremely sensitive to irritation.

A

Asthma

73
Q

____ is a long-term inflammation and swelling of the bronchial lining, leading to overproduction of mucous secretions.

A

Chronic bronchitis

74
Q

____ is a chronic, progressive condition characterized by shortness of breath and in inability to tolerate physical exertion.

A

Emphysema

A&P 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions