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A&P 2 > Chapter 17 (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Chapter 17 (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

____ is the most abundant component of plasma.

A

Water

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2
Q

____ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

A

Anemia

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3
Q

4 functions of blood.

A
  1. Transport of nutrients & waste
  2. Transport of body heat
  3. Transport of gases
  4. Defense against toxins and pathogens
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4
Q

During a period of fasting, the levels of ____ in the blood would rise.

A

Erythropoietin

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5
Q

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by what organ ____.

A

Liver

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6
Q

____ permit the diffusion of water, small solutes, and lipid-soluble materials into the surrounding interstitial fluid, but prevent the loss of blood cells and plasma proteins.

A

Continuous Capillaries

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7
Q

What proteins function is to store and transport oxygen?

A

Hemoglobin

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8
Q

____ is the innermost layer of a blood vessel.

A

Tunica intima

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9
Q

PF-3 is a factor in which pathway?

A

Intrinsic Pathway

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10
Q

____ carry oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells.

A

Red Blood Cells

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11
Q

____ prevent the back flow of blood, channel blood towards the heart, and permit blood flow in one direction only.

A

Venous Valves

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12
Q

____ are large vessels that return blood to the heart.

A

Veins

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13
Q

Basophils, Red Blood Cells, Lymphocytes, and platelets are all ______ of the blood.

A

Formed Elements

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14
Q

The conversion of Factor X to prothrombinase occurs in which pathway.

A

Common Pathway of Coagulation

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15
Q

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the ____.

A

Lungs

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16
Q

Which blood type contains RBCs with surface antigen B only and plasma that contains only anti-A antibodies?

A

Type B

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17
Q

Iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is recycled where?

A

Red Bone Marrow

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18
Q

____ is the percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood.

A

Hematocrit

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19
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) occurs when ____ are able to cross the placenta and enter the fetal bloodstream.

A

anti-RH antibodies

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20
Q

Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?

A

Albumin

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21
Q

The pulmonary trunk exits the ____.

A

Right ventricle

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22
Q

____ is the combination of plasma and formed elements.

A

Whole Blood

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23
Q

The function of hemoglobin is to ____.

A

Carry oxygen

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24
Q

What artery breaks the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

A

Pulmonary arteries

25
Q

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the ____.

A

Venules

26
Q

Electrolytes, Fibrinogen, Amino Acids, and Albumin are all components of ____.

A

Plasma

27
Q

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called ____.

A

Fenestrated Capillaries

28
Q

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of ____.

A

Iron

29
Q

All the circulating red blood cells originate in the ____.

A

Red bone marrow

30
Q

____ stimulate the division of smooth muscle cells.

A

Endothelins

31
Q

Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway

A

Extrinsic

32
Q

The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the ____.

A

Tunica Media

33
Q

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme ____.

A

Thrombin

34
Q

____ are elastic fibers in the walls of which vessels are stretched as the heart beats?

A

Arteries

35
Q

3 places aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages.

A

Spleen
Liver
Bone Marrow

36
Q

Most of the body’s total blood volume is found in the ____.

A

Systemic Venous System

37
Q

Heme molecules lacking iron produce the waste product ____.

A

Bilirubin

38
Q

The typical adult hematocrit is around ____.

A

45

39
Q

Vitamin ___ is needed for clotting factors.

A

Vitamin K

40
Q

A cancer of the white blood cells is called ____.

A

Leukemia

41
Q

____ are the most abundant blood cells.

A

Erythrocytes

42
Q

____ functions in clotting and normally accounts for roughly 4 percent of plasma proteins.

A

Fibrinogen

43
Q

____ consists of plasma and formed elements.

A

Whole blood

44
Q

____ constitue 60% of plasma proteins, are major contributors to osmotic pressure of plasma.

A

Albumins

45
Q

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and platelets make up ____.

A

Formed elements

46
Q

____ has a complex quaternary structure made up of 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains of polypeptides.

A

Hemoglobin

47
Q

What are the normal ranges of hemoglobin in males.

A

14 - 18 g/dL

48
Q

What are the normal ranges of hemoglobin in females.

A

12-16 g/dL

49
Q

The average lifespan of a RBC is ____ days.

A

120

50
Q

____ is an inherited bleeding disorder that is more common in males and is usually caused by a reduced production of a single clotting factor.

A

Hemophilia

51
Q

____ are cancers of blood forming tissues. (Cancerous cells spread throughout the body from the origin in red bone marrow.

A

Leukemia

52
Q

____ is a condition marked by a reduction in the hematocrit, the hemoglobin content of the blood, or both.

A

Anemia

53
Q

Put the following in the sequence of vessels from heart back to the heart…
Muscular arteries, Large veins, Medium sized veins, Arterioles, Elastic Arteries, Venules, and Capillaries.

A
  1. Elastic arteries
  2. Muscular arteries
  3. Arterioles
  4. Capillaries
  5. Venules
  6. Medium sized veins
  7. Large veins
54
Q

In a ___ the endothelium is a complete lining.

A

Continuous Capillaries

55
Q

____ are capillaries that contain “windows” or pores the penetrate the endothelial lining.

A

Fenestrated Capillaries

56
Q

____ permit diffusion of water, small solutes, and lipid soluble materials into the surrounding interstitial fluid, but prevent the loss of blood cells and plasma proteins.

A

Continuous Capillaries

57
Q

____ permit rapid exchange of water and solutes as large as small peptides between plasma and interstitial fluid.

A

Fenestrated Capillaries

58
Q

The ____ circuit begins at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium.

A

Pulmonary

59
Q

The ___ circuit transports oxygenated blood and nutrients to all organs and tissues and returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.

A

Sytstemic

A&P 2 (6 decks)

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