Chapter 17 (Exam 2) Flashcards
____ is the most abundant component of plasma.
Water
____ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.
Anemia
4 functions of blood.
- Transport of nutrients & waste
- Transport of body heat
- Transport of gases
- Defense against toxins and pathogens
During a period of fasting, the levels of ____ in the blood would rise.
Erythropoietin
Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by what organ ____.
Liver
____ permit the diffusion of water, small solutes, and lipid-soluble materials into the surrounding interstitial fluid, but prevent the loss of blood cells and plasma proteins.
Continuous Capillaries
What proteins function is to store and transport oxygen?
Hemoglobin
____ is the innermost layer of a blood vessel.
Tunica intima
PF-3 is a factor in which pathway?
Intrinsic Pathway
____ carry oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells.
Red Blood Cells
____ prevent the back flow of blood, channel blood towards the heart, and permit blood flow in one direction only.
Venous Valves
____ are large vessels that return blood to the heart.
Veins
Basophils, Red Blood Cells, Lymphocytes, and platelets are all ______ of the blood.
Formed Elements
The conversion of Factor X to prothrombinase occurs in which pathway.
Common Pathway of Coagulation
Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the ____.
Lungs
Which blood type contains RBCs with surface antigen B only and plasma that contains only anti-A antibodies?
Type B
Iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is recycled where?
Red Bone Marrow
____ is the percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood.
Hematocrit
hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) occurs when ____ are able to cross the placenta and enter the fetal bloodstream.
anti-RH antibodies
Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?
Albumin
The pulmonary trunk exits the ____.
Right ventricle
____ is the combination of plasma and formed elements.
Whole Blood
The function of hemoglobin is to ____.
Carry oxygen
What artery breaks the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Pulmonary arteries
After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the ____.
Venules
Electrolytes, Fibrinogen, Amino Acids, and Albumin are all components of ____.
Plasma
Capillaries with a perforated lining are called ____.
Fenestrated Capillaries
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of ____.
Iron
All the circulating red blood cells originate in the ____.
Red bone marrow
____ stimulate the division of smooth muscle cells.
Endothelins
Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway
Extrinsic
The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the ____.
Tunica Media
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme ____.
Thrombin
____ are elastic fibers in the walls of which vessels are stretched as the heart beats?
Arteries
3 places aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages.
Spleen
Liver
Bone Marrow
Most of the body’s total blood volume is found in the ____.
Systemic Venous System
Heme molecules lacking iron produce the waste product ____.
Bilirubin
The typical adult hematocrit is around ____.
45
Vitamin ___ is needed for clotting factors.
Vitamin K
A cancer of the white blood cells is called ____.
Leukemia
____ are the most abundant blood cells.
Erythrocytes
____ functions in clotting and normally accounts for roughly 4 percent of plasma proteins.
Fibrinogen
____ consists of plasma and formed elements.
Whole blood
____ constitue 60% of plasma proteins, are major contributors to osmotic pressure of plasma.
Albumins
Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and platelets make up ____.
Formed elements
____ has a complex quaternary structure made up of 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains of polypeptides.
Hemoglobin
What are the normal ranges of hemoglobin in males.
14 - 18 g/dL
What are the normal ranges of hemoglobin in females.
12-16 g/dL
The average lifespan of a RBC is ____ days.
120
____ is an inherited bleeding disorder that is more common in males and is usually caused by a reduced production of a single clotting factor.
Hemophilia
____ are cancers of blood forming tissues. (Cancerous cells spread throughout the body from the origin in red bone marrow.
Leukemia
____ is a condition marked by a reduction in the hematocrit, the hemoglobin content of the blood, or both.
Anemia
Put the following in the sequence of vessels from heart back to the heart…
Muscular arteries, Large veins, Medium sized veins, Arterioles, Elastic Arteries, Venules, and Capillaries.
- Elastic arteries
- Muscular arteries
- Arterioles
- Capillaries
- Venules
- Medium sized veins
- Large veins
In a ___ the endothelium is a complete lining.
Continuous Capillaries
____ are capillaries that contain “windows” or pores the penetrate the endothelial lining.
Fenestrated Capillaries
____ permit diffusion of water, small solutes, and lipid soluble materials into the surrounding interstitial fluid, but prevent the loss of blood cells and plasma proteins.
Continuous Capillaries
____ permit rapid exchange of water and solutes as large as small peptides between plasma and interstitial fluid.
Fenestrated Capillaries
The ____ circuit begins at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium.
Pulmonary
The ___ circuit transports oxygenated blood and nutrients to all organs and tissues and returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
Sytstemic
