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A&P 2 > Chapter 18 (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Chapter 18 (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Put the following in order of the hearts conducting system. (Purkinje fibers, AV bundle, AV node, SA node, and bundle branches.)

A 
SA Node
AV Node
AV Bundle
Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers
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2
Q

What keeps Cardiac muscle from reaching tetanus?

A

Cardiac muscle has a refractory period that lasts until the muscle is relaxed

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3
Q

____ cells make up the middle layer of the heart wall.

A

Cardiac Muscle Cells

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4
Q

____ activates the sympathetic neurons.

A

Cardioacceleratory center

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5
Q

____ controls parasympathetic neurons.

A

Cardioinhibitory Center

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6
Q

The neurons that control heart rate are located where in the cardiovascular center?

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

____ is called the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle.

A

Diastole

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8
Q

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can only occur where?

A

Capillaries

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9
Q

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on a ECG by the ____.

A

QRS Complex

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10
Q

Which sound is associated with the closing of the mitral valve?

A

The first heart sound “lubb”

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11
Q

____ closes when the left ventricular pressure exceed the left atrial pressure.

A

Mitral Valve

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12
Q

___ of ventricular systole is the phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open.

A

Ventricular Ejection

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13
Q

____ will not increase cardiac output?

A

Increased parasympathetic stimulation

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14
Q

____ is a characteristic of the stage of rapid depolarization of cardiac muscle.

A

Massive influx of sodium ions

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15
Q

Blood exits the right ventricle through the ____.

A

Pulmonary valve

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16
Q

What is represented by the T wave on an ECG?

A

Ventricular Repolarization

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17
Q

increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system is caused by ____.

A

Aortic baroreceptors

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18
Q

All valves are closed during what phase of ventricular systole?

A

Isovolumetric Contraction

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19
Q

Blood flow is slowest where?

A

Capillaries

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20
Q

Depolarization of the atria is represented by what on an ECG?

A

The P wave on an ECG

21
Q

Intercalated discs transfer what from cell to cell?

A

Action Potentials

22
Q

In what position are the AV valves during Ventricular systole?

A

Closed

23
Q

The left ventricle pumps blood to the ____.

A

Aorta

24
Q

____ opens potassium ion channes in the SA node cells and causes the pacemaker potential to depolarize more slowly, causing the heart to slow.

A

Acetylcholine

25
Q

____ collects blood and pumps it into the ventricles.

A

Atrium

26
Q

The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to what?

A

Open calcium channels

27
Q

Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?

A

Lungs

28
Q

Blood pressure is highest where?

A

Arteries

29
Q

____ is the amount of tension the contracting ventricle must produce to force open the semilunar valve and eject blood.

A

Afterload

30
Q

AV valves allow blood to flow in how many directions.

A

1

31
Q

Where is the pacemaker located?

A

SA node

32
Q

____ prevent the AV valves from reversing into the atria.

A

Papillary muscle contractions

33
Q

Isovolumetric contraction is associated with which cardiac cycle

A

Ventricular Systole

34
Q

The ____ is the volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction.

A

Stroke volume

35
Q 
What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering form the systemic circuit?
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Right ventricle
Left Ventricle
Venae Cavae
Aorta
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary veins
A 
Venae Cavae
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta
36
Q

____ generate action potential that spread tot he myocardium

A

Pacemaker cells

37
Q

____ is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure.

A

Pulse

38
Q

Blood passes through ____ after leaving the right ventricle but, before entering the pulmonary trunk.

A

Pulmonary Valve

39
Q

What happens to the AV valves when the semilunar valves close?

A

AV Valves close

40
Q

Blood flows through what valve after leaving the venue cavae?

A

Tricuspid valve

41
Q

Decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel by half would cause the vascular resistance to (increase/decrease)?

A

Increase

42
Q

The ____ is the muscle layer of the heart?

A

Myocardium

43
Q

3 reasons that the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right?

A

It produces a higher pressure
It pumps against greater resistance
It does more work that the right

44
Q

The cusps (leaflets) of AV Valves attach directly to ____?

A

Chordae tendinae

45
Q

Blood returning to the heart form the pulmonary circuit first enters the ____.

A

Left atrium

46
Q

____ is known as the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle.

A

Systole

47
Q

Another name for the visceral pericardium is the ____.

A

Epicardium

48
Q

The ____ supply blood to the myocardium.

A

Coronary arteries

49
Q

Where is the bicuspid (mitral) valve located?

A

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

A&P 2 (6 decks)

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