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Pharmacology for Technicians > Chapter 20: Cancer and Drug Therapy > Flashcards

Chapter 20: Cancer and Drug Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Cancer
AC

A

A group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal (or dysfunctional) cells.

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2
Q

Monoclonal
AC

A

Originating from a single cell.

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3
Q

Drivers of Cancer
AC

A

Genetic alterations that promote cancer progression.

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4
Q

Oncogene
AC

A

A gene that promotes cancer formation.

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5
Q

Proto-oncogene
AC

A

A gene that codes for growth factors or their receptors.

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6
Q

Tumor Suppressor Gene
AC

A

A gene that turns off or downregulates the proliferation of cancer cells.

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7
Q

Apoptosis
AC

A

Programmed cell death.

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8
Q

Tumor Cell Proliferation
AC

A

The exponential rate of growth early on in tumor development.

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9
Q

Tumor Burden
AC

A

The number of cancer cells in a tumor or the size of the tumor tissue.

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10
Q

Dose-Dense Chemotherapy
AC

A

The practice of administering chemotherapy doses more frequently than in standard treatment to allow fewer cells to regrow between doses.

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11
Q

Cell Kill Hypothesis
AC

A

Th predominant hypothesis applied in cancer treatment; presumes that each cycle of chemotherapy kills a certain percentage of cancer cells.

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12
Q

Localized
AC

A

Confined to one location in the body.

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13
Q

Metastasis
AC

A

The spreading of a tumor from its primary site to other parts of the body.

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14
Q

Resected
AC

A

Removed surgically.

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15
Q

Margin
AC

A

The area of normal tissues around the site of a tumor.

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16
Q

Negative Margin
AC

A

An absence of tumor cells bordering the site of a tumor removal.

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17
Q

Radiation Therapy
AC

A

The use of external beam radiation delivered from a machine outside the body to the site of a tumor.

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18
Q

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
AC

A

Radiation therapy used in conjunction with surgery to “clean up” areas of residual tumor.

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19
Q

Immunotherapy
AC

A

A type of cancer treatment that stimulates the immune system to stop or slow the growth of cancer cells.

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20
Q

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
AC

A

An agent used in therapies to prevent cancer cells from “turning off” immune cells.

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21
Q

Chemotherapy
AC

A

The administration of drugs to treat cancer by killing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.

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22
Q

Primary Chemotherapy
AC

A

The initial treatment of cancer with chemotherapy with curative intent.

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23
Q

Curative
Ac

A

An act or treatment administered with the intent to cure an illness.

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24
Q

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
AC

A

Chemotherapy used to shrink a tumor so it can be safely and completely removed with surgery.

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25
Adjuvant Chemotherapy AC
The treatment of residual cancer cells after removal or reduction of the tumor by surgery.
26
Palliative Chemotherapy AC
Chemotherapy given for cancer that is not curable.
27
Cytotoxic Drug AC
A drug that interrupts the normal process of cell function or proliferation.
28
Cell Cycle AC
The process by which both normal cells and cancer cells divide.
29
Cell Cycle-Specific Drug AC
A drug that exerts its effects on rapidly dividing cancer cells.
30
Bone Marrow Suppression AC
A decrease in production of blood cells and increased risks of infections and bleeding.
31
Alopecia AC
Hair loss
32
Mucositis AC
Inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes.
33
Leucovorin AC
A by-product of dihydrofolate reductase that helps prevent harmful effects of certain chemotherapy drugs; also known as Folinic Acid.
34
Leucovorin Rescue AC
The administration of leucovorin to patients who have received high-dose methotrexate; this action rescues normal cells from leucovorin shortage and allows them to resume their normal proliferation.
35
Combination Chemotherapy AC
A regimen of two or more chemotherapy drugs combined to reduce a cancer's potential resistance to treatment; the agents should have proven efficacy, nonoverlapping toxicities, and different mechanism of action.
36
Synergistic Effect AC
The result of a drug combination that elicits an enhanced response because the agents work together to amplify the individual effects of each.
37
Alkylating Agents AC
A member of a class of cytotoxic drugs that bind to and damage DNA during cell division, preventing cell replication.
38
Peripheral Neuropathy AC
Extremely painful damage to the peripheral nervous system, especially affecting the hands and feet.
39
Ototoxicity AC
The ability to damage the organs of hearing.
40
Mutagenic AC
Having the ability to cause changes in genetic material.
41
Secondary Cancers AC
An additional cancer in conjunction with the first cancer the patient was trying to cure.
42
Antimetabolite AC
A member of a class of drugs that work during the synthesis phase of the cell cycle.
43
Nucleotide AC
The basic structural component of DNA and RNA.
44
Methotrexate AC
A drug used to treat leukemia, bone cancer, breast cancer, and lymphoma.
45
Hand-Foot Syndrome AC
A painful sloughing peeling of the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet; also known as Palmar-Plantar Erythema.
46
Conjunctivitis AC
Inflammation of mucous membranes surrounding the eye; also known as pink eye.
47
Topoisomerase I Enzyme AC
An enzyme that causes single-strand DNA breaks.
48
Topoisomerase II Enzyme AC
An enzyme that causes double-strand DNA breaks.
49
Topoisomerase I Inhibitor AC
A member of the subset of drugs that inhibit topoisomerase I enzymes.
50
Topoisomerase II Inhibitor AC
A member of a subset of drugs that inhibits topoisomerase II enzymes.
51
R-CHOP AC
An acronym for a combination chemotherapy regimen: Rituximab (Rituxan), Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), Hydroxydaunorubicin (better known as doxorubicin), Oncovin (brand name Vincristine), and Prednisone.
52
Liposomal Product AC
A drug prepared in a liquid formulation.
53
Cardiac Toxicity AC
The ability to cause heart damage.
54
Threshold Dose AC
The lifetime cumulative dose limit for a drug.
55
Extravasation AC
An infusion leak under the skin during administration.
56
Vesicant AC
A drug that can cause an extravasation injury.
57
Microtubule AC
A part of a cell that helps maintain its structure and is critical to mitosis.
58
Antimicrotubule Agent AC
A drug that interferes with the formation and function of microtubule.
59
Taxane AC
A member of a class of antimicrotubule drugs derived from the bark and needles of yew trees.
60
Vinca Alkaloid AC
A member of a class of antimicrotubule drugs derived from periwinkle plants.
61
Ileus AC
A condition in which gastrointestinal motility is severely reduced.
62
Asparagine AC
An amino acid that is needed for leukemia cells to proliferate.
63
Pulmonary Fibrosis AC
A type of lung toxicity.
64
Antiestrogen AC
65
Antiandrogen AC
66
Gynecomastia AC

Pharmacology for Technicians (8 decks)

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