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Pharmacology for Technicians > Chapter 17: The Immune System, Antivirals, and Drug Therapy > Flashcards

Chapter 17: The Immune System, Antivirals, and Drug Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Virus
AC

A

A minute infectious agent that does not have all the components of a cell and thus can replicate only within a living host cell.

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2
Q

Virion
AC

A

An individual virus particle capable of infecting a living cell; consists of nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid (protein shell) and sometimes an envelope.

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3
Q

Capsid
AC

A

a protein shell that surrounds ad protects the nucleic acid within a virus particle.

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4
Q

Envelope
AC

A

The membrane surrounding the capsid of some viruses; carries surface proteins that attach to the host cell’s receptors.

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5
Q

Influenza
AC

A

The flu; a common viral infection.

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6
Q

Immunocompromised
AC

A

Having a deficiency in the immune system response.

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7
Q

Hepatitis
AC

A

A disease of the liver that causes inflammation, can be acute or chronic, and has several forms, A through C.

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8
Q

Acute Viral Infection
AC

A

An infection that quickly resolves with no latent infection.

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9
Q

Chronic Viral Infection
AC

A

An infection that has a protracted course with long periods of remission interspersed with recurrance.

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10
Q

Slow Viral Infection
AC

A

An infection that maintains a progressive course over months or years, inflicting cumulative damage to body tissues, ultimately ending in the host’s death.

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11
Q

Local Viral Infection
AC

A

A viral infection affecting tissues of a single system, such as the respiratory tract, the skin, or an eye.

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12
Q

Generalized Viral Infection
AC

A

An infection that has or is spreading to other tissues by way of the bloodstream or the CNS.

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13
Q

Latency
AC

A

The ability of a virus to lie dormant and then, under certain conditions, reproduce and again behave like an infectious agent, causing cell damage.

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14
Q

Immunoglobulin
AC

A

An antibody that reacts to a specific foreign substance or organism and may prevent its antigen from attaching to a cell receptor or may destroy the substance or organism.

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15
Q

Antiviral Drug
AC

A

An agent that prevents virus replication in a host cell without interfering with the host’s normal function.

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16
Q

Oral Herpes
AC

A

Painful, fluid-filled lesions most commonly located around the mouth, chin, and upper lip; also known as cold sores or fever blisters.

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17
Q

Genital Herpes
AC

A

A sexually transmitted disease caused by the herpes simplex virus; characterized by lesions that cause a burning sensation.

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18
Q

Prodrug
AC

A

A compound that must be metabolized in the body to form an active pharmacologic agent.

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19
Q

Retrovirus
AC

A

A virus that can copy its RNA genetic information into the host’s DNA

20
Q

Reverse Transcriptase
AC

A

A retroviral enzyme that makes a DNA copy from an RNA original.

21
Q

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
AC

A

A retrovirus transmitted in body fluids that causes AIDS by attacking T lymphocytes.

22
Q

CD4 Cell
AC

A

An infection-fighting cell that is important in the body’s immune response.

23
Q

Integrase
AC

A

An enzyme that integrates HIV DNA into the DNA of the host CD4 cell.

24
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
AC

A

The advanced and severe form of HIV.

25
Q

Antiretroviral
AC

A

A drug that limits the progression of HIV or other retrovirus infections.

26
Q

Cocktail
AC

A

A combination of drugs used in conjunction with each other to take advantage of the effects of synergistic drug therapy.

27
Q

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)
AC

A

A drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by competing with natural nucleic acid building blocks, causing termination of the DNA chain.

28
Q

Nonnucleoside
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI)
AC

A

A drug that prevents HIV-1 reverse transcriptase from adding new nucleotides to the growing DNA chain.

29
Q

Viral Load
AC

A

A measurement taken from the blood sample that determines the level of HIV activity and the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy.

30
Q

Protease Inhibitor (PI)
AC

A

A drug that prevents protease from cleaving certain HIV protein precursors into the smaller proteins needed for the formation of new infectious virions.

31
Q

Entry Inhibitors
AC

A

A drug that prevents HIV from entering the immune cells; also known as fusion inhibitor.

32
Q

Boost
AC

A

A drug given to increase the serum concentration of another drug.

33
Q

Post-Attachment Inhibitor

A

A drug that inhibits HIV from entering the immune cells.

34
Q

Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs)
AC

A

A drug that prevents DNA produced by the reverse transcriptase of HIV from becoming incorporated into the patient’s DNA.

35
Q

Treatment as Prevention (TasP)
AC

A

An HIV prevention method in which patients with HIV use antiretroviral therapy to suppress viral levels to undetectable levels in order to prevent neuron reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both.

36
Q

Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
AC

A

The administration of antiretroviral after exposure to HIV.

37
Q

Immunization
AC

A

The process whereby a person acquires resistance to an infectious disease.

38
Q

Passive Immunity
AC

A

Immunization that occurs when antibodies are transferred to the fetus during pregnancy.

39
Q

Active Immunity
AC

A

The process by which a person’s body makes its own antibodies to a pathogen.

40
Q

Live Attenuated Vaccine
AC

A

A vaccine that uses live but weakened pathogens to produce an immune response.

41
Q

Inactivated Vaccine
AC

A

A vaccine that uses pathogens that have been killed with chemicals, heat, or radiation.

42
Q

Public Health Agency
AC

A

Canada’s agency for public health and emergency preparedness against infections and chronic diseases.

43
Q

Travel Immunization Clinic
AC

A

A clinical site that provides immunizations and advice about what vaccines are needed.

44
Q

Travel Vaccine
AC

A

A vaccine given prior to travel to allow the immune system time to confer full immunity.

44
Q

Vaccine Information Statement (VIS)
AC

A

A list of risks associated with a vaccination.

Pharmacology for Technicians (8 decks)

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