Chapter 18: Pain, Anesthesia, and Drug Therapy

Question 1

Pain
AC

Answer 1

Physically or emotionally sensed discomfort that is may be associated with acute tissue damage or a sensory system malfunction.

Question 2

Nociceptive Pain
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Answer 2

Pain perceived when tissue is damaged.

Question 3

Inflammatory Pain
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Answer 3

A type of nociceptive pain; stems from the release of proinflammatory neurotransmitters (histamine, prostaglandins, etc.)

Question 4

Neuropathic Pain
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Answer 4

Abnormal pain signaling due to overactive nerve fibers.

Question 5

Centralized Pain
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Answer 5

Pain that occurs when the central nervous system does not process pain signals properly.

Question 6

Acute Pain
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Answer 6

Associated with trauma or surgery; usually treateable.

Question 7

Chronic Nonmalignant Pain
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Answer 7

Pain that lasts for more than twelve weeks and may or may not have a diagnosed cause.

Question 8

Chronic malignant pain
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Answer 8

Pain that accompanies malignant disease and often increases in severity as the disease progresses.

Question 9

Background Pain
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Answer 9

A term used to describe a constant level of pain.

Question 10

Breakthrough pain
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Answer 10

Describes pain of great intensity that appears intermittently.

Question 11

Provoked Pain
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Answer 11

Pain with a clear cause; more intense than background pain.

Question 12

Analgesic
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Answer 12

A drug that alleviates or reduces pain.

Question 13

Opioid
AC

Answer 13

A substance, whether s drug or a chemical naturally produced by the body, that acts on opioid receptors to reduce the sensation of pain; also known as a narcotic.

Question 14

Opiate
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Answer 14

Any of the naturally occurring opioid analgesics, such as morphine or codeine, from the poppy flower Papaver somniferum.

Question 15

Sedation
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Answer 15

A state of eased anxiety and drowsiness that can typically be induced by opioids.

Question 16

Euphoria
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Answer 16

A state of feeling of well-being.

Question 17

Dysphoria
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Answer 17

A state of feeling unwell or unhappy.

Question 18

Equianalgesic Dose
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Answer 18

A dose that offers an equal amount of analgesia.

Question 19

Patient-Controlled Analgesic Pump (PCA)
AC

Answer 19

A means of pain control whereby the patient can regulate, within certain limits, the amount of drug received.

Question 20

Opioid use Disorder
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Answer 20

A condition that can occur with long-term use of an opioid analgesic; characterized by persistent desire to use opioids, interference with relationships and other life activities, and the need to increase doses to receive the same effects.

Question 21

Opioid Toxicity
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Answer 21

Results in slow breathing, absence of breathing, deep sedation, lack of response, or combination of these effects.

Question 22

General Anesthesia
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Answer 22

Anesthesia that causes reversible unconsciousness and absence of response to otherwise painful stimuli; during general anesthesia, the patient is unconscious.

Question 23

Neuraxial Anesthesia
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Answer 23

A type of anesthesia that blocks sensation through the injection of an agent into a nerve in the central nervous system without making the patient unconscious.

Question 24

Local Anesthesia
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Answer 24

The production of transient and reversible loss of sensation in a defined area of the body without altering alertness or mental function.

Question 25

Anesthesiologist
AC

Answer 25

A physician who oversees administration of anesthesia during surgery.

Question 26

Hypervolemia
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Answer 26

Excessive blood volume in the body.

Question 26

Barbiturate
AC

Answer 26

One of a class of central nervous system depressants that also act as antianxiety, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant agents.

Question 27

Benzodiazepine
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Answer 27

One of a class of drugs that act as sedative, hypnotic, antianxiety, and anticonvulsant agents.

Question 28

Neuromuscular blocking agents
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Answer 28

An agent that paralyzes the patient’s skeletal muscle.

Question 29

Endotracheal Intubation
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Answer 29

The insertion of a tube into the trachea to keep it open and deliver oxygen and general anesthesia directly to the lungs.

Question 30

Anticholinesterase Agents
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Answer 30

One of the class of drugs that potentiate the action of acetylcholine by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks down acetylcholine.

Question 31

Malignant Hyperthermia
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Answer 31

A sudden and rapid rise in body temperature, irregularities in heart rhythm and breathing; a serious side effect of anesthesia.

Question 32

Ester
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Answer 32

One of a class of short-acting local anesthetics metabolized in plasma and tissue fluids.

Question 33

Migraine
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Answer 33

A moderate to severe, throbbing, unilateral headache, often accompanied by nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, or hyperesthesia.

Question 34

Aura
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Answer 34

An unusual sensation, such as one of light, sound, or taste, occurring at the onset of a seizure or other neurological condition, such as a migraine.

Question 35

5HT Agonist
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Answer 35

Describes a drug that binds to serotonin receptors and causes dilation of blood vessels in the dura mater. preventing inflammation and reducing pain signal transmission; also known as triptans.

Question 36

Ergot
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Answer 36

A group of fungi from which is derived the alkaloid ergotamine, which is used in the treatment of migraines.

Question 37

CGRP Receptor Antagonist
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Answer 37

A member of the drug class that works by blocking activation of the trigeminal pain pathways.

Question 38

Capsaicin
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Answer 38

Chemical derived from cayenne peppers; used as a topical treatment for pain.

Question 39

Feverfew
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Answer 39

Plant product used orally for migraine pain.

Question 40

Butterbur
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Answer 40

Herbal product; thought to prevent migraines.