Chapter 18: Pain, Anesthesia, and Drug Therapy

Question 1

Pain
AC

Answer 1

Physically or emotionally sensed discomfort that is may be associated with acute tissue damage or a sensory system malfunction.

Question 2

Nociceptive Pain
AC

Answer 2

Pain perceived when tissue is damaged.

Question 3

Inflammatory Pain
AC

Answer 3

A type of nociceptive pain; stems from the release of proinflammatory neurotransmitters (histamine, prostaglandins, etc.)

Question 4

Neuropathic Pain
AC

Answer 4

Abnormal pain signaling due to overactive nerve fibers.

Question 5

Centralized Pain
AC

Answer 5

Pain that occurs when the central nervous system does not process pain signals properly.

Question 6

Acute Pain
AC

Answer 6

Associated with trauma or surgery; usually treateable.

Question 7

Chronic Nonmalignant Pain
AC

Answer 7

Pain that lasts for more than twelve weeks and may or may not have a diagnosed cause.

Question 8

Chronic malignant pain
AC

Answer 8

Pain that accompanies malignant disease and often increases in severity as the disease progresses.

Question 9

Background Pain
AC

Answer 9

A term used to describe a constant level of pain.

Question 10

Breakthrough pain
AC

Answer 10

Describes pain of great intensity that appears intermittently.

Question 11

Provoked Pain
AC

Answer 11

Pain with a clear cause; more intense than background pain.

Question 12

Analgesic
AC

Answer 12

A drug that alleviates or reduces pain.

Question 13

Opioid
AC

Answer 13

A substance, whether s drug or a chemical naturally produced by the body, that acts on opioid receptors to reduce the sensation of pain; also known as a narcotic.

Question 14

Opiate
AC

Answer 14

Any of the naturally occurring opioid analgesics, such as morphine or codeine, from the poppy flower Papaver somniferum.

Question 15

Sedation
AC

Answer 15

A state of eased anxiety and drowsiness that can typically be induced by opioids.

Question 16

Euphoria
AC

Answer 16

A state of feeling of well-being.

Question 17

Dysphoria
AC

Answer 17

A state of feeling unwell or unhappy.

Question 18

Equianalgesic Dose
AC

Answer 18

A dose that offers an equal amount of analgesia.

Question 19

Patient-Controlled Analgesic Pump (PCA)
AC

Answer 19

A means of pain control whereby the patient can regulate, within certain limits, the amount of drug received.

Question 20

Opioid use Disorder
AC

Answer 20

A condition that can occur with long-term use of an opioid analgesic; characterized by persistent desire to use opioids, interference with relationships and other life activities, and the need to increase doses to receive the same effects.

Question 21

Opioid Toxicity
AC

Answer 21

Results in slow breathing, absence of breathing, deep sedation, lack of response, or combination of these effects.

Question 22

General Anesthesia
AC

Answer 22

Anesthesia that causes reversible unconsciousness and absence of response to otherwise painful stimuli; during general anesthesia, the patient is unconscious.

Question 23

Neuraxial Anesthesia
AC

Answer 23

A type of anesthesia that blocks sensation through the injection of an agent into a nerve in the central nervous system without making the patient unconscious.

Question 24

Local Anesthesia
AC

Answer 24

The production of transient and reversible loss of sensation in a defined area of the body without altering alertness or mental function.

Question 25

Anesthesiologist AC

Answer 25

A physician who oversees administration of anesthesia during surgery.

Question 26

Hypervolemia AC

Answer 26

Excessive blood volume in the body.

Question 26

Barbiturate AC

Answer 26

One of a class of central nervous system depressants that also act as antianxiety, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant agents.

Question 27

Benzodiazepine AC

Answer 27

One of a class of drugs that act as sedative, hypnotic, antianxiety, and anticonvulsant agents.

Question 28

Neuromuscular blocking agents AC

Answer 28

An agent that paralyzes the patient's skeletal muscle.

Question 29

Endotracheal Intubation AC

Answer 29

The insertion of a tube into the trachea to keep it open and deliver oxygen and general anesthesia directly to the lungs.

Question 30

Anticholinesterase Agents AC

Answer 30

One of the class of drugs that potentiate the action of acetylcholine by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks down acetylcholine.

Question 31

Malignant Hyperthermia AC

Answer 31

A sudden and rapid rise in body temperature, irregularities in heart rhythm and breathing; a serious side effect of anesthesia.

Question 32

Ester AC

Answer 32

One of a class of short-acting local anesthetics metabolized in plasma and tissue fluids.

Question 33

Migraine AC

Answer 33

A moderate to severe, throbbing, unilateral headache, often accompanied by nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, or hyperesthesia.

Question 34

Aura AC

Answer 34

An unusual sensation, such as one of light, sound, or taste, occurring at the onset of a seizure or other neurological condition, such as a migraine.

Question 35

5HT Agonist AC

Answer 35

Describes a drug that binds to serotonin receptors and causes dilation of blood vessels in the dura mater. preventing inflammation and reducing pain signal transmission; also known as triptans.

Question 36

Ergot AC

Answer 36

A group of fungi from which is derived the alkaloid ergotamine, which is used in the treatment of migraines.

Question 37

CGRP Receptor Antagonist AC

Answer 37

A member of the drug class that works by blocking activation of the trigeminal pain pathways.

Question 38

Capsaicin AC

Answer 38

Chemical derived from cayenne peppers; used as a topical treatment for pain.

Question 39

Feverfew AC

Answer 39

Plant product used orally for migraine pain.

Question 40

Butterbur AC

Answer 40

Herbal product; thought to prevent migraines.