Chapter 20 Biotechnology And Genetic Modification

Question 1

Define bio technology:

Answer 1

Using organisms, usually microorganisms, to produce required substances

Question 2

Define genetic modification:

Answer 2

Changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing/inserting in individual genes

Question 3

Define biofuel:

Answer 3

A few that is made by mixing ethanol (made by the anaerobic respiration of yeast) with petrol

Question 4

Define pectinase:

Answer 4

An enzyme that is used to digest pectin, increasing the quantity of juice that can be extracted from fruit, and clarifying the juice

Question 5

Define fermenter:

Answer 5

A vessel, usually made of steel/glass, in which microorganisms can be grown in order to produce a required product

Question 6

Define sterilised:

Answer 6

Treated -eg. with steam- to destroy all living cells

Question 7

Define culture:

Answer 7

Population of microorganisms growing in a nutrient liquid/on agar jelly

Question 8

Define restriction enzymes:

Answer 8

Enzymes (biological catalysts) the cut DNA at specific points, and leave a short length of unpaired basis at each end

Question 9

Define sticky ends:

Answer 9

Length of unpaired bases on one strand of a DNA molecule;
They are able to form bonds with complementary lengths of unpaired bases on a different DNA molecule

Question 10

Define DNA ligase:

Answer 10

An enzyme that joints to DNA molecules together

Question 11

Define recombinant plasmid:

Answer 11

A small circle of DNA, found in bacteria, which contains both the bacterial DNA and DNA from a different organism