Chapter 16 Chromosomes, Genes And Proteins Flashcards
Define chromosome:
A length of DNA, found in the nucleus of a cell
It’s contains genetic information in the form of many different genes
Define DNA:
A molecule that contains genetic information, in the form of genes, that controls the properties that are made in the cell
Define gene:
A length of DNA that codes for one protein
Define alleles:
Alternative forms of genes
Define reduction revision:
A term used to describe what happens in meiosis, where the number of chromosomes is halved (reduced)
Define homozygous:
Having two identical alleles of a particular gene
(E.g. GG/gg)
Define heterozygous:
Having 2 different alleles of a particular gene
(E.g. Gg)
Define genotype:
The genetic makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles present
(E.g. GG)
Define phenotype:
The observable features of an organism
Define dominant allele:
And allele that is expressed if it is present
(E.g. G)
Define recessive allele:
An allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present
(E.g g)
Define codominance:
Alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype when they are both present
Define inheritance:
The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation
Define genetic diagram:
A standard way of showing all the steps in making predictions about the probable genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring from the two parents
Define monohybrid cross:
A cross where we consider the inheritance of only one gene
