Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Theory > Chapter 11 - Respiration & Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Respiration & Gas Exchange Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do our cells need energy for? (pg 217)

A

1)contracting muscles
2)making protein molecules
3)cell devision
4)active transport
5)growth
6)transmitting nerve impulses
7)producing heat inside body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s the main nutrient used to provide energy in cells? (pg 217)

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define aerobic respiration:

A

Chemical react. that takes place in mitochondra, which uses oxygen to break down glucose and other nutrient molecules to release energy for the cell to use.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

A

most of the steps take place in the mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the balanced equation for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is anaerobic respiration?

A

chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose → alchohol + carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the balanced equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

C6 H12 06 → 2C2 H2 OH + 2CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do animals get sugars such as glucose?

A

from the carbohydrates they eat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do plants get glucose?

A

Make theirs by phoosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are terrestial organisms?

A

Land living ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aquatic organisms are :

A

Water living ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define gas exchange?

A

The diffusion of 02 and CO2 in and out of an organisms body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a gas exchange surface?

A

A part of the body where gas exchange between the body and the environment takes place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the characierstics of gas exchange surfaces:

A

Structure → Function

1) Thin → allow gasses to diffuse across them quickly

2) Close to an efficient transport system → takes gasses to and from the exchange surface

3) Large surface area → a lot of gas can diffuse accross simultaneously

4) Permeable → so that gasses can easily move through them

5) Good supply of 02 → helps process to be quick and efficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define the alveoli:

A

Tiny air filled sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the trachea?

A

Tube through which air travels to the lungs.
Has rings of cartillage in its walls to support it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define goblet cells:

A

Cells found in the lining (epithelium) of the respiratory passages and digestive system , which secrete mucus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the function of the goblet cells in the nose?

A

Make a liquid containing liquid and mucus.
The liquid evaporates into the air in the nose and moistens it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are cilia?

A

Tiny projections from some of the cells in the lining of the respiratory passages; the cillia of many adjacent cells beat rythemically in unison.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of cilia?

A

Structure → Function

1) Always moving → trap bacteria / dust particies

2) Found all along trachea and bronchi too → sweep the mucus, containing bacteria and dust particles, up to the back of the throat, so that it does not block the throat

23
Q

What is the function of the cartilage (structure) inside of the trachea?

A

To prevent it from collapsing at times when the air pressure inside is lower than the pressure of the air outside it.

24
Q

Define thorax:

A

The chest, part of the body from neck down to diaphragm.

25
Q

Define bronchus:

A

1 of the 2 tubes that takes air from the trachea into the lungs.

26
Q

Define bronchiole:

A

A small tube that takes air from a bronchus to every part of the lungs.

27
Q

Describe the way the different structures of the breathing system fit together:

A

The tracheagoes down through the neck and into the thorax where it devides into 2. Namely the right and Left bronchi (singular: bronchus)

One bronchus goes in each lung and then branches into smaller tubes called bronchioles.

At the end of each bronchiole is many alveoli. (walls of alveoli are the gas exchange surfaces)

Tiny capillares are then closely wrapped around the outside of the alveoli.

28
Q

What features of the walls of the alveoli make them an effective gas exchange surface?

A

1) Very thin
2) Excellent transport system
3) Large surface area
4) Good supply of oxygen

29
Q

compare inspired and expired air:

A

Inspired air
-21% O2
-0.04% CO2
-water vapour is variable

Expired air
-16% O2
-4% CO2
-high amounts of water vapour

30
Q

define breathing:

A

Using the muscles in the diaphram and intercoastal muscles, to change the volume of the thorax so that air is drawn into and pushed out of the lungs.

31
Q

What are the intercoastal muscles?

A

Muscles between the ribs, which raise and lower the rib cage when they contract and relax

32
Q

define the diaphragm:

A

A muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals; it helps with breathing

33
Q

Explain what happens to your intercoastal muscles and diaphragm when breathing:

A

Pg 225 yellow sticky note

34
Q

How can extra energy be provided?

A

Anaerobic respiration
glucose → lactic acid + energy

35
Q

How is lactic acid broken down?

A

It is combined w oxygen in the liver
This is done by aerobic respiration in the liver cells

36
Q

Why does your heart rate and breathing stay increased for a while after exercise?

A

It is because you are still taking in and transporting extra oxygen to help break down the lactic acid.
Faster heart rate also helps transport lactic acid as quickly as possible from the muscles to the liver.

37
Q

Explain oxygen debt:

A

Extra oxygen is needed after anerobic respiration has taken place in order to break down the lactic acid produced

38
Q

What causes the pH of your blood to fall? And what does your brain do in response?

A

A lot of CO2/ lactic acid in the blood causes the pH to fall.

When the brain senses this, it sends nerve impulses to the diaphragm and Intercostal muscles , stimulating them to contract harder and more often.

Result is a faster breathing rate and deeper breaths.

39
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?

A

Glucose → lactic acid

40
Q

Which type of respiration releases more energy?

A

Aerobic respiration releases much more energy than anaerobic respiration.

41
Q

Why does aerobic respiration release much more energy than anaerobic respiration?

A

This is because in anaerobic respiration the oxidation of glucose is incomplete.

42
Q

For what does your body need energy during exercise?

A

Muscle contraction

43
Q

What does your body do to provide extra oxygen to cells during exercise?

A

Breathing rate increases - breath more frequently
Breathing depths increases - take deeper breaths
Heart rate increases - to pump oxygenated blood around the body

44
Q

What does lactic acid do?

A

Causes your muscles to fatigue and stop contracting efficiently.

45
Q

What creates the oxygen debt?

A

The removel of lactic acid causes the oxygen debt.
You have to breathe more deeply to oxidise the buildup of oactic acid.

46
Q

What happens to the lactic acid in your body after exercise?

A

Transported through the bloodstream to the liver and:
1) converted back into glucose through a series of chemical reactions.
2) or oxidised to form CO2 and water

47
Q

Define oxygen debt:

A

The ammount of extra oxygen needed by the body after exercise to deal with the accumulated lactic acid.

48
Q

Why do people continue breathing rapidly after exercise?

A

Your body needs extra oxygen to deal with lacticacid buildup (change the lactic acid back into CO2 and water.)

49
Q

What type of reaction is respiration?

A

Exothermic reaction
(Releases energy)

50
Q

Where does anaerobic respiration take place?

A

In the cytoplasm of the cell

51
Q

What are the structures that an oxygen molecule passes through from the air to the lungs and then the blood?

A

1) nose/mouth
2) trachea
3) bronchi
4) bronchioles
5) alveoli
6) wall of alveolus
7) wall of capillary

52
Q

What do the external and internal intercoastal muscles, as well as the diaphragm do when you are breathing in and out?

A

Muscle → breathing → breathing
in out

Diaphragm → contracts → relaxes

External
intercostal → contracts → relaxes

Internal
Intercostal → relaxes → contracts

53
Q

What is a respirometer

A

Device which messures the rate of consumption of oxygen by a living organism.

Biology Theory (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions