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Pharmacology > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

What do we use alpha drugs for?

A
  1. hypertension
  2. BPH
  3. Extravisation (phentolamine)
  4. Raynaud’s
  5. frostbite
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2
Q

What do we use beta 1 drugs for?

A
  1. hypertension (labetalol)
    - -lol = beta blocker
  2. decrease BP and decrease HR
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3
Q

What do we use beta 2 drugs for?

A
  1. Tamsulosin is for BPH only

2. Cardura is for male or female, lowers BP and BPH for male patients

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4
Q

What is BPH?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia: A common, noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. The enlarged prostate may compress the urinary tube (urethra), which courses through the center of the prostate, impeding the flow of urine from the bladder through the urethra to the outside.

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5
Q

Which drugs are beta blockers?

A

Carvedilol and Labetalol

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6
Q

How long should you count apical pulse for?

A

1 minute

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7
Q

What if the patient gains 3 pounds in 1 day?

A

the beginning of heart failure

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8
Q

OSIN at the end means

A

It is an alpha blocker- is being used for blood pressure or prostate function

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9
Q

Chapter 20

A

before was review

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10
Q

Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Cholinergic Drugs

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11
Q

cholnergic drugs are also known as

A

cholinergic agonsists or parasympathomimetics

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12
Q

THINGS to look at in book

A

pg 322 box 20-1; page 323 table 20-1; page 329 patient teaching

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13
Q

Where are the Nicotinic Receptors located?

A

in the ganglia of the PSNS and SNS

-named nicotinic because they can be stimulated by the alkaloid nicotine

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14
Q

Where are the Muscarinic Receptors located?

A

Located postsynaptically in the effector organs of the PSNS

  • smooth muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • glands
  • -named muscarinic because they can be stimulated by the alkaoid muscarine
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15
Q

Why do we give cholinergic drugs?

A
  • increased gastric secretions
  • increased gastrointestinal motility
  • increased urinary frequency
  • constrict pupils
  • reduce intraocular pressure
  • increased salivation and sweating
  • decreased heart rate
  • vasodilation
  • bronchial constriction, narrowed airways
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16
Q

cholinergics primarily affect ______ receptors.

A

muscarinic receptors

17
Q

Indications

A
  • useful for glaucoma and intraocular surgery
  • -echothiophate
  • -carbachol
  • -pilocarpine
  • reduce intraocular pressure
  • topical application because of poor absorption
18
Q

bethanechol (Urecholine)

A
  • Increases tone and motility of bladder and gastrointestinal (GI) tract
  • Relaxes sphincters in bladder and GI tract, allowing them to empty
  • Helpful for postsurgical atony of the bladder and GI tract
  • Oral dose or subcutaneous injection
19
Q

Why do we use indirect-acting drugs?

A

to diagnose myasthesia gravis (drooping of eyelids, facial muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing)

20
Q

donepezil (Aricept)

A

Used for treatment of symptoms of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease

21
Q

Contraindications for cholinergic drugs

A
  1. Known drug allergy
  2. GI or genitourinary (GU) tract obstruction
  3. Bradycardia
  4. Defects in cardiac impulse conduction
  5. Hyperthyroidism
  6. Epilepsy
  7. Hypotension
  8. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  9. Parkinson’s disease
22
Q

Why is hyperthyroidism a contraindication

A

muscarinic agonists can induce atrial fibrillation in hyperthyroid patients.

23
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

A
  • Direct-acting cholinergic agonist
  • used for treatment of acute postoperative and postpartum nonobstructive urinary retention and for the management of urinary retention associated with neurogenic atony of the bladder
24
Q

Donepezil (Aricept)

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor that works centrally in the brain to increase levels of ACh by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase

25
Q

Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)

A

Indirect-acting cholinergic drugs that work to increase ACh by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase
Use: myasthenia gravis

26
Q

Edrophonium (Tensilon):

A
  • only given IV push
  • indirect-acting cholinergic drug that is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis. It can also be used to differentiate between myasthenia gravis and cholinergic crisis.
  • in about 30 seconds, their symptoms resolve (they can smile and clench their teeth)
  • within 5 minutes, their symptoms come back
  • only used as a diagnostic test
  • can cause significant bradycardia
27
Q

Nursing Implications

A

Assess for allergies, presence of GI or GU obstructions, asthma, peptic ulcer disease, and coronary artery disease.

28
Q

Encourage patients with myasthenia gravis to

A

take medication 30 minutes before eating to help improve chewing and swallowing.

29
Q

Therapeutic effects of anti-Alzheimer’s drugs may not occur for up to

A

6 weeks

30
Q

______ is the antidote for cholinergics,

A

atropine

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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