Chapter 2 Flashcards
How long is the patent life of a newly discovered drug molecule?
-17 years
How can drugs be classified?
- their structure
- therapeutic use
What are the 3 basic areas of pharmacology?
- pharmaceutics
- pharmacokinetics
- pharmacodynamics
Pharmaceutics
-the study of how various dosage forms influence the way in which the drug effects the body
Pharmacokinetics
- they study of what the body does to the drug
- involves a process of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Pharmacodynamics
- the study of what the drug does to the body
- involves drug-receptor relationships
Pharmacotherapeutics
focuses on the clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat illnesses
toxicology
the study of adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on living systems
pharmacognosy
the study of natural (versus synthetic) drug sources
pharmacoeconomics
focuses on the economic aspects of drug therapy
dissoulution
dissolving of solid dosage forms and their absorption
SR
slow release
SA
sustained action
CR
controlled release
XL
extended length
XT
extended time
bioavailibility
the term used to express the extent of drug absorption
What are the three basic routes of administration?
- enteral
- parenteral
- topical
Describe the enteral route of administration
The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation through the mucosa of the stomach and/or small or large intestine
Factors that affect the acidity of the stomach
- time of day
- age of the patient
- the presence and types of medications, foods, or beverages
What is the function of enteric coating on medication?
To protect the stomach by having drug dissolution and absorption occur in the intestines
-taking an enteric-coated medication with a large amount of food may cause it to be dissolved by acidic stomach contents and thus reduce intestinal drug absorption rate and and negate the coating’s stomach-protective properties
What can the presence of food help with the digestion of?
- some fat-soluble drugs
2. drugs that are more easily broken down in an acidic environment
What are the six rights of medication?
- right drug
- right dose
- right time
- right route and form
- right patient
- right documentation
What do anticholinergic drugs do?
Slow GI transit time
What is short bowel syndrome?
-altered drug absorption due to portions of the small intestine being removed because of disease
What is gastric dumping?
altered medication absorption due to bariatric weight loss surgery (reducing the size of the stomach)
Pharmokinetic phases
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism
- excretion
