Chapter 2

Question 1

How long is the patent life of a newly discovered drug molecule?

Answer 1

-17 years

Question 2

How can drugs be classified?

Answer 2

• their structure

- therapeutic use

Question 3

What are the 3 basic areas of pharmacology?

Answer 3

1. pharmaceutics
2. pharmacokinetics
3. pharmacodynamics

Question 4

Pharmaceutics

Answer 4

-the study of how various dosage forms influence the way in which the drug effects the body

Question 5

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 5

• they study of what the body does to the drug

- involves a process of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Question 6

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 6

• the study of what the drug does to the body

- involves drug-receptor relationships

Question 7

Pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 7

focuses on the clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat illnesses

Question 8

toxicology

Answer 8

the study of adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on living systems

Question 9

pharmacognosy

Answer 9

the study of natural (versus synthetic) drug sources

Question 10

pharmacoeconomics

Answer 10

focuses on the economic aspects of drug therapy

Question 11

dissoulution

Answer 11

dissolving of solid dosage forms and their absorption

Question 12

SR

Answer 12

slow release

Question 13

SA

Answer 13

sustained action

Question 14

CR

Answer 14

controlled release

Question 15

XL

Answer 15

extended length

Question 16

XT

Answer 16

extended time

Question 17

bioavailibility

Answer 17

the term used to express the extent of drug absorption

Question 18

What are the three basic routes of administration?

Answer 18

1. enteral
2. parenteral
3. topical

Question 19

Describe the enteral route of administration

Answer 19

The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation through the mucosa of the stomach and/or small or large intestine

Question 20

Factors that affect the acidity of the stomach

Answer 20

1. time of day
2. age of the patient
3. the presence and types of medications, foods, or beverages

Question 21

What is the function of enteric coating on medication?

Answer 21

To protect the stomach by having drug dissolution and absorption occur in the intestines
-taking an enteric-coated medication with a large amount of food may cause it to be dissolved by acidic stomach contents and thus reduce intestinal drug absorption rate and and negate the coating’s stomach-protective properties

Question 22

What can the presence of food help with the digestion of?

Answer 22

1. some fat-soluble drugs

2. drugs that are more easily broken down in an acidic environment

Question 23

What are the six rights of medication?

Answer 23

1. right drug
2. right dose
3. right time
4. right route and form
5. right patient
6. right documentation

Question 24

What do anticholinergic drugs do?

Answer 24

Slow GI transit time

Question 25

What is short bowel syndrome?

Answer 25

-altered drug absorption due to portions of the small intestine being removed because of disease

Question 26

What is gastric dumping?

Answer 26

altered medication absorption due to bariatric weight loss surgery (reducing the size of the stomach)

Question 27

Pharmokinetic phases

Answer 27

1. absorption
2. distribution
3. metabolism
4. excretion