Chapter 13

Question 1

Amphetamines

Answer 1

a class of stimulant drugs that includes amphetamine sulfate and all of its drug derivatives

Question 2

analeptics

Answer 2

central nervous system stimulants that have effects on the brainstem and spinal cord, which produce an increase in responsiveness to external stimuli and stimulate respiration

Question 3

anorexiants

Answer 3

drugs used to control or suppress appetite

Question 4

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Answer 4

a syndrome characterized by difficulty in maintaining concentration on a given task and/or hyperactive behavior; may affect children, adolescents, and adults
-most common psychiatric disorder in kids

Question 5

cataplexy

Answer 5

a condition characterized by abrupt attacks of muscular weakness and hypotonia triggered by an emotional stimulus such as joy, laughter, anger, fear, or surprise.

Question 6

central nervous system stimulants

Answer 6

drugs that stimulate specific areas of the brain or spinal cord
-usually act on neurons that have receptors for norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin

Question 7

ergot alkaloids

Answer 7

drugs that constrict blood vessels in the brain and provide relief of pain for certain migraine headaches

Question 8

migraine

Answer 8

a common type of recurring painful headache characterized by a pulsatile or throbbing quality, incapacitating pain, and photphobia

• women are 3 times more likely to get them than men
• peak in 20s to 40s and often fade after 50 y/o

Question 9

narcolepsy

Answer 9

a syndrome characterized by sudden sleep attacks, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and visual or auditory hallucinations at the onset of sleep
-equally affects men and women

Question 10

serotonin receptor agonists

Answer 10

a class of CNS stimulants used to treat migraine headaches; they are often referred to as selective serotonin receptor agonists or triptans

Question 11

sympathomimetic drugs

Answer 11

CNS stimulants such as adrenergic drugs whose actions resemble or mimic those of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 12

How are sympathomimetic drugs categorized?

Answer 12

By their therapeutic use

Question 13

Who has a higher incidence of obesity?

Answer 13

• women

- minorities

Question 14

What is the BMI range for being overweight?

Answer 14

25 to 29.9

Question 15

What is the BMI range for being obese?

Answer 15

30 or above

Question 16

What does obesity increase one’s risk for?

Answer 16

• hypertension
• dyslipidemia
• coronary artery disease
• stroke
• type 2 diabetes
• gout
• osteoarthritis
• sleep apnea
• breast and colon cancer

Question 17

precipitating factors for migraines

Answer 17

stress, hypoglycemia, menses, endogenous estrogen (including oral contraceptives), exercise, and intake of alcohol, caffeine, cocaine, nitroglycerin, aspartame, and the food additive MSG

Question 18

Theories for the cause of migraines

Answer 18

• vascular hypothesis
• neurovascular hypothesis
• most recent evidence points to decreased serotonin levels

Question 19

neonatal apnea

Answer 19

periodic cessation of breathing in newborn babies, is a common condition seen in about 25% of premature infants whose pulmonary and CNS structures have not completed their gestational development because of preterm birth

Question 20

Why would an infant develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia? What can help with this?

Answer 20

from prolonged medical ventilation, especially at high pressures; caffeine can help

Question 21

When does postanesthetic respiratory depression occur?

Answer 21

when a patient’s spontaneous respiratory drive does not resume adequately and in a timely manner after general anesthesia
-can also be secondary abuse of some drugs