Chapter 13 Flashcards
Amphetamines
a class of stimulant drugs that includes amphetamine sulfate and all of its drug derivatives
analeptics
central nervous system stimulants that have effects on the brainstem and spinal cord, which produce an increase in responsiveness to external stimuli and stimulate respiration
anorexiants
drugs used to control or suppress appetite
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
a syndrome characterized by difficulty in maintaining concentration on a given task and/or hyperactive behavior; may affect children, adolescents, and adults
-most common psychiatric disorder in kids
cataplexy
a condition characterized by abrupt attacks of muscular weakness and hypotonia triggered by an emotional stimulus such as joy, laughter, anger, fear, or surprise.
central nervous system stimulants
drugs that stimulate specific areas of the brain or spinal cord
-usually act on neurons that have receptors for norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
ergot alkaloids
drugs that constrict blood vessels in the brain and provide relief of pain for certain migraine headaches
migraine
a common type of recurring painful headache characterized by a pulsatile or throbbing quality, incapacitating pain, and photphobia
- women are 3 times more likely to get them than men
- peak in 20s to 40s and often fade after 50 y/o
narcolepsy
a syndrome characterized by sudden sleep attacks, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and visual or auditory hallucinations at the onset of sleep
-equally affects men and women
serotonin receptor agonists
a class of CNS stimulants used to treat migraine headaches; they are often referred to as selective serotonin receptor agonists or triptans
sympathomimetic drugs
CNS stimulants such as adrenergic drugs whose actions resemble or mimic those of the sympathetic nervous system
How are sympathomimetic drugs categorized?
By their therapeutic use
Who has a higher incidence of obesity?
- women
- minorities
What is the BMI range for being overweight?
25 to 29.9
What is the BMI range for being obese?
30 or above
What does obesity increase one’s risk for?
- hypertension
- dyslipidemia
- coronary artery disease
- stroke
- type 2 diabetes
- gout
- osteoarthritis
- sleep apnea
- breast and colon cancer
precipitating factors for migraines
stress, hypoglycemia, menses, endogenous estrogen (including oral contraceptives), exercise, and intake of alcohol, caffeine, cocaine, nitroglycerin, aspartame, and the food additive MSG
Theories for the cause of migraines
- vascular hypothesis
- neurovascular hypothesis
- most recent evidence points to decreased serotonin levels
neonatal apnea
periodic cessation of breathing in newborn babies, is a common condition seen in about 25% of premature infants whose pulmonary and CNS structures have not completed their gestational development because of preterm birth
Why would an infant develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia? What can help with this?
from prolonged medical ventilation, especially at high pressures; caffeine can help
When does postanesthetic respiratory depression occur?
when a patient’s spontaneous respiratory drive does not resume adequately and in a timely manner after general anesthesia
-can also be secondary abuse of some drugs
