Chapter 11

Question 1

anesthesia

Answer 1

-a state of reduced neurologic function

Question 2

What are the 3 types of anesthesia?

Answer 2

1. general
2. local anesthesia
3. balanced anesthesia

Question 3

General anesthesia

Answer 3

drugs that induce a state in which the CNS is altered to produce varying degrees of:
pain relief
depression of consciousness
skeletal muscle relaxation 
reflex reduction

Question 4

Types of general anesthesia

Answer 4

1. Inhalational anesthetics
   - volatile liquids or gases that are vaporized in oxygen and inhaled
2. parental anesthetics
   - administered
3. adjunct anesthetics

Question 5

Indications for general anesthesia

Answer 5

used during surgical procedures

Question 6

adverse effects

Answer 6

-malignant hypothermia

Question 7

What is malignany hypothermia?

Answer 7

• occurs during or after volatile inhaled general anesthesia or use of the neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) succinylcholine
• sudden elevation in body temp (greater than 104 degrees F)
• tachypnea, tachycardia, muscle rigidity
• life thretening emergency
• treated with cardiorespiratory supportive care and dantrolene (skeletal muscle relaxant)

Question 8

What is malignany hypothermia?

Answer 8

• occurs during or after volatile inhaled general anesthesia or use of the neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) succinylcholine
• sudden elevation in body temp (greater than 104 degrees F)
• tachypnea, tachycardia, muscle rigidity
• life thretening emergency
• treated with cardiorespiratory supportive care and dantrolene (skeletal muscle relaxant)

Question 9

moderate sedation

Answer 9

-can still breath on their own and follow basic commands, but not aware of what is happening

Question 10

topical anesthesia

Answer 10

• applied directly to skin or mucous membranes

- creams, soulutions, ointments

Question 11

parenteral anesthetics

Answer 11

lidocaine (xylocaine)
mepicacaine
procaine
tetracaine
others
local anesthetics

Question 12

Local anesthetics are used for:

Answer 12

-surgical, dental

Question 13

local anesthetics are sometimes paired with

Answer 13

ephinephrine (vasoconstrictor) so that to limit bleeding and keep the local anesthetic where it should be

Question 14

adverse effects

Answer 14

-spinal headache

Question 15

neuromuscular blocking drugs

Answer 15

also known as NMBDs

• prevent nerve transmission in skeletal and smooth muscle, resulting in muscle paralysis
• also paralyze the skeletal muscle required for breathing
• when used, artificial mechanical ventilation is required
• do not cause sedation or pain relief

Question 16

adjunct anesthetics

Answer 16

drugs used in combination with anesthetic drugs to control the adverse effects of anesthetics or to help maintain the anesthetic state in the patient

Question 17

anesthesia

Answer 17

the loss of the ability to feel pain resulting from the administration of an anesthetic drug

Question 18

anesthetics

Answer 18

drugs that depress the central nervous system or peripheral nerves to produce decreased or loss of consciousness, or muscle relaxation

Question 19

anesthesia provider

Answer 19

a health care professional who is licensed to provide anesthesia. Can be an anesthesiologist (MD) a CRNA, or an anesthesia assistant

Question 20

balanced anesthesia

Answer 20

the practice of using combinations of different drug classes rather than a single drug to produce anesthesia

Question 21

general anesthesia

Answer 21

a drug-induced state in which the CNS nerve impulses are altered to reduce pain and other sensations throughout the entire body. It involves complete loss of consciousness and depression of respiratory drive.

Question 22

local anesthesia

Answer 22

a drug-induced state in which peripheral or spinal nerve impulses are altered to reduce or eliminate pain and other sensations in tissues innervated by these nerves

Question 23

malignant hyperthermia

Answer 23

a genetically linked major adverse reaction to general anesthesia characterized by a rapid rise in body temperature, as well as tachycardia, tachypnea, and sweating

Question 24

moderate sedation

Answer 24

a milder form of general anesthesia that causes partial or complete loss of consciousness but does not generally reduce normal respiratory drive (also referred to as conscious sedation)

Question 25

Overton-Meyer theory

Answer 25

a theory that describes the relationship between the lipid solubility of anesthetic drugs and their potency

Question 26

Spinal anesthesia

Answer 26

local anesthesia induced by injection of an anesthetic drug near the spinal cord to anesthetize nerves that are distal to the site of injection