Chapter 11 Flashcards
anesthesia
-a state of reduced neurologic function
What are the 3 types of anesthesia?
- general
- local anesthesia
- balanced anesthesia
General anesthesia
drugs that induce a state in which the CNS is altered to produce varying degrees of: pain relief depression of consciousness skeletal muscle relaxation reflex reduction
Types of general anesthesia
- Inhalational anesthetics
- volatile liquids or gases that are vaporized in oxygen and inhaled - parental anesthetics
- administered - adjunct anesthetics
Indications for general anesthesia
used during surgical procedures
adverse effects
-malignant hypothermia
What is malignany hypothermia?
- occurs during or after volatile inhaled general anesthesia or use of the neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) succinylcholine
- sudden elevation in body temp (greater than 104 degrees F)
- tachypnea, tachycardia, muscle rigidity
- life thretening emergency
- treated with cardiorespiratory supportive care and dantrolene (skeletal muscle relaxant)
What is malignany hypothermia?
- occurs during or after volatile inhaled general anesthesia or use of the neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) succinylcholine
- sudden elevation in body temp (greater than 104 degrees F)
- tachypnea, tachycardia, muscle rigidity
- life thretening emergency
- treated with cardiorespiratory supportive care and dantrolene (skeletal muscle relaxant)
moderate sedation
-can still breath on their own and follow basic commands, but not aware of what is happening
topical anesthesia
- applied directly to skin or mucous membranes
- creams, soulutions, ointments
parenteral anesthetics
lidocaine (xylocaine) mepicacaine procaine tetracaine others local anesthetics
Local anesthetics are used for:
-surgical, dental
local anesthetics are sometimes paired with
ephinephrine (vasoconstrictor) so that to limit bleeding and keep the local anesthetic where it should be
adverse effects
-spinal headache
neuromuscular blocking drugs
also known as NMBDs
- prevent nerve transmission in skeletal and smooth muscle, resulting in muscle paralysis
- also paralyze the skeletal muscle required for breathing
- when used, artificial mechanical ventilation is required
- do not cause sedation or pain relief
adjunct anesthetics
drugs used in combination with anesthetic drugs to control the adverse effects of anesthetics or to help maintain the anesthetic state in the patient
anesthesia
the loss of the ability to feel pain resulting from the administration of an anesthetic drug
anesthetics
drugs that depress the central nervous system or peripheral nerves to produce decreased or loss of consciousness, or muscle relaxation
anesthesia provider
a health care professional who is licensed to provide anesthesia. Can be an anesthesiologist (MD) a CRNA, or an anesthesia assistant
balanced anesthesia
the practice of using combinations of different drug classes rather than a single drug to produce anesthesia
general anesthesia
a drug-induced state in which the CNS nerve impulses are altered to reduce pain and other sensations throughout the entire body. It involves complete loss of consciousness and depression of respiratory drive.
local anesthesia
a drug-induced state in which peripheral or spinal nerve impulses are altered to reduce or eliminate pain and other sensations in tissues innervated by these nerves
malignant hyperthermia
a genetically linked major adverse reaction to general anesthesia characterized by a rapid rise in body temperature, as well as tachycardia, tachypnea, and sweating
moderate sedation
a milder form of general anesthesia that causes partial or complete loss of consciousness but does not generally reduce normal respiratory drive (also referred to as conscious sedation)
Overton-Meyer theory
a theory that describes the relationship between the lipid solubility of anesthetic drugs and their potency
Spinal anesthesia
local anesthesia induced by injection of an anesthetic drug near the spinal cord to anesthetize nerves that are distal to the site of injection
