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Biol235 Quiz 4 > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous pericardium (what layer, tissue, function)

A

Superficial
DICT
Prevents overstretching of heart, provide protection, anchor heart to mediastinum

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2
Q

Serous pericardium

A

Deep
Parietal (outer)/visceral (inner) layer

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3
Q

Epicardium

A

Inner visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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4
Q

Layers of heart wall

A

Epicardium (visceral layer of serous pericardium)
Myocardium
Endocardium

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5
Q

Fossa ovals (what/where)

A

Remnant of foramen ovale (interatrial septum) in right atrium

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6
Q

Trabeculae carnae

A

I’m right ventricle
raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers

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7
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

In ventricles
Tendonlike cords connected to cusps of tricuspid/bicuspid valve and to papillary muscles in ventricles

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8
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

In fetus connects pulmonary trunk to aorta so only small amount of blood goes to non functioning fetal lungs

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9
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum

A

Ductus arteriosus (pulmonary trunk to aorta) closes and leaves this remnant

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10
Q

Fibrous rings

A

Supper the four valves of the heart and are fused to one another DCT

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11
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Aortic and pulmonary valves

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12
Q

How does blood not back flow into venae cavae (R) or the pulmonary veins (L) without a valve

A

When Artis contract it compresses and nearly collapses the weak walls of the veins so not much blood can escape

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13
Q

Left coronary artery divides into and what they supplu

A

Anterior interventricular branch (supplies walls of ventricles)

Circumflex branch (supplies L ventricle and L atrium)

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14
Q

Right coronary artery branches into and what they supply

A

Posterior interventricular branch (supplies walls of ventricles)

Marginal branch ( R ventricle)

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15
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Vascular sinus in coronary sulcus on post heart that deoxygenated blood from myocardium flows into

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16
Q

Intercalated discs (what/contain)

A

Sarcolemma thickening that holds ends of cardiac MF
Desosomes (hold fibers together)
Gap junctions (AP to conduct)

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17
Q

What is larger/more numerous in cardiac muscle fibers than skeletal

A

Mitochondria

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18
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac vs skeletal (and what it means)

A

Cardiac is smaller=less Ca2+ reserve

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19
Q

What percent of CMF are autonomic fibers

A

1 percent

20
Q

Two functions of autonomic fibers

A

Pacemaker: set rythym of electrical excitation

Form cardiac conduction system: provide path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through heart (chambers contract in right order)

21
Q

Conduction system sequence

A

SA node (atria contract)

AV node (slow down AP to allow atria to empty all blood)

AV bundle (AP from atria to ventricles)

R/L bundle branches (to apex)

Purkinje fibers (rest of ventricles to contract them)

22
Q

AP occurs steps

A

Depolarization: voltage gated Na+ open (in)

Plateau: voltage gated Ca2+ open (in)
Voltage gated K+ open (out)
=Balanced

Repolarization: voltage gated K+ open (out)

23
Q

Contractile resting membrane potential

A

-90mV

24
Q

Is contraction or refractory longer in CMF

A

Refractory

25
Q

ATP production in cardiac muscle

A

Aerobic cellular respiration in mitochondria

26
Q

Electrocardiograph determines

A

If conducting pathways is normal
If heart is enlarged
If certain regions are damaged
Cause of chest pain

27
Q

P wave

A

Atrial depolarization

28
Q

QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarization

29
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

30
Q

End diastolic volume

A

Volume in ventricle after atria contract
130mL

31
Q

Isovolumetric contraction

A

Beginning of ventricular systole where all valves are closed

32
Q

End systolic volume

A

Volume left in ventricles after ventricular systole
60mL

33
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume ejected by each ventricle equals EDV minus ESV
70mL

34
Q

Dicrotic wave

A

Rebound of blood off cusps in aortic valve

35
Q

Isovolumetric relaxation

A

All 4 valves closed during relaxation period right after ventricular systole

36
Q

Lubb

A

S1
Louder/longer
Blood turbulence when AV valves close after ventricular systole

37
Q

Dubb

A

S2
Blood turbulence associated with closure of SL valves at beginning of ventricular diastole

38
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood ejected from left ventricle into aorta or right ventricle into pulmonary trunk

Stroke volume x HR = CO

39
Q

Average cardiac output

A

70mL/beat x 75beats/min = 5.25mL/min

40
Q

How long for all blood to flow through pulmonary and systemic circuit

A

1 minute

41
Q

Cardiac reserve

A

Difference between a persons maximum cardiac output and CO at rest
Average 4-5x resting value

42
Q

Regulation of stroke volume

A

Preload: greater preload=increase force of contraction (more=better)

Contractility: strength of contraction at any preload (more=better) (+/- inotropic agents affect this)

After load:pressure that must be overcome before SL valve opens (less after load=easier)

43
Q

How do psymp NI reach heart

A

R/L vagus (X) nerves

44
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine on heart

A

Increase pumping effectiveness
Released by adrenal medulla

45
Q

Increase in K+, Na+, and Ca2+ on heart

A

K/Na: decrease HR/contractility
Ca: increase HR/strengthens heartbeat

Biol235 Quiz 4 (5 decks)

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