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Biol235 Quiz 4 > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

Components of blood

A

Blood plasma (55)
Formed elements (45)

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2
Q

Components of blood plasma

A

Proteins(7)
Water (91.5)
Other solutes (1.5)

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3
Q

Components of blood plasma proteins

A

Albumins (54)
Globulins (38)
Fibrinogen (7)
All others (1)

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4
Q

Albumins (what,size,function)

A

Blood plasma protein
Smallest/most numerous

Maintain osmotic pressure (for exchange of fluids across capillaries)

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5
Q

Globulins (what,size,function)

A

Blood plasma protein
Large

Produce immunoglobulins-help attack virus and bacteria
Alpha/beta globulins transport iron,lips, fat soluble vitamins

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6
Q

Firbrinogen (what,size,function)

A

Blood plasma protein
Large

Play essential role in blood clothing

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7
Q

Components of blood plasma other solutes

A

Electrolytes
Nutrients
Gases
Regulatory substances
Waste products

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8
Q

Electrolytes (what,ex,function)

A

Blood plasma other solutes

Inorganic salts, cations, anions

Help maintain osmotic pressure and play essential role in cells functions

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9
Q

Nutrients (what,ex,function)

A

Blood plasma other solutes

Products of digestion (AA,glucose,fatty acids, glycerol, vitamins, mineral)

Essential role I cell functions growth development

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10
Q

Gases (what,ex,function)

A

Blood plasma other solutes

Oxygen: part in cellular functions
carbon dioxide: regulation of blood pH
nitrogen: no known

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11
Q

Regulatory substances (what,ex,function)

A

Blood plasma other solutes

Enzymes: catalyze chemical reactions
Hormones: regulate metabolism growth development
Vitamins: cofactor for enzymatic reactions

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12
Q

Waste products (what,ex,functions)

A

Blood plasma other solutes

Urea, uric acid, creatinine, creatine, bilirubin, ammonia

Most are breakdown procures of protein metabolism that are excreted

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13
Q

Buffy coat

A

Layer between packed RBC and plasma in centrifuged (spun) blood

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14
Q

Components of formed elements

A

Platelets (150,000-400,000)
WBC (5000-10,000)
RBC (4.8-5.4 million)

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15
Q

Components of WBC

A

Neutrophils (60-70)
Lymphocytes (20-25)
Monocytes (3-8)
Eosinophils (2-4)
Basophils (0.5-1)

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16
Q

RBC function

A

Transport O from lungs to body cells
Deliver co2 from body cells to lungs

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17
Q

WBC functions

A

Protect body from invading pathogens and other foreign substances

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18
Q

Lymphocytes (what, types)

A

WBC

B lymphocytes (B cells)
T lymphocytes (T cells)
Natural killer (NK) cells

19
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Nucleated cells found in lower vertebrates that prevent blood loss by clotting blood

20
Q

Hematocrit (what)

A

Percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC

Ex hematocrit 40 means 40 percent of volume of blood is RBC

21
Q

Regular hematocrit levels

A

Males: 40-54
Females: 38-46

Males higher as testosterone stimulates EPO that stimulates RBC production

22
Q

Hemopoiesis/hematopoiesis

A

Process by which formed elements of blood develop

In red bone marrow

23
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Highly vascularized CT in microscopic spaces between trabeculae of spongy bone

Mostly in axial skeleton, pectoral/pelvic girdles, proximal epiphyses of humerus/femur

24
Q

Pluripotent stem cells/hemocytoblasts

A

.05-.1 percent of red bone marrow cells

Derived from Mesenchyme

Capacity to develop into many different cells

25
Q

Pluripotent cells develop into

A

Myeloid stem cells
Lymphoid stem cells

26
Q

Myeloid stem cells

A

Being development in red bone marrow
Give rise to RBC platelets monocytes neutrophils eosinophils basophils mast cells

27
Q

Lymphoid stem cells

A

Begin development in red bone marrow end in lymphatic tissue

Give rise to lymphocytes and NK cells

28
Q

Progenitor cells

A

Myeloid stem cells differentiate into these

Can’t reproduce themselves but committed to giving rise to more specific elements of blood

Colony forming cells (CFUs)

29
Q

Types of CFUs

A

CFU-E: erythrocytes
CFU-Meg: megakaryocytes (platelets)
CFU-GM: granulocytes (neutrophils) and monocytes

30
Q

Precursor cells AKA/what

A

Blasts

Have recognizable microscopic appearances

Ex, megakaryoblast->megakaryocyte->platelets
Myeoblast->neutrophil

31
Q

Hemopoietic growth factors

A

Hormones that regulate differentiation and proliferation of particular progenitor cells

Ex EPO, TPO, cytokines(glycoproteins)

32
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Hemopoietic growth factor

Increases number of RBC precursors

Produced by particular cells of kidney

33
Q

Thrombopoietin

A

Hemopoietic growth factor

Stimulates formation of platelets from megakaryocytes

Produced by liver

34
Q

Cytokines

A

Hemopoietic growth factor

Small glycoprotein

Produced by red bone marrow cells, leukocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells

Regulate development of different blood cell types, stimulate proliferation of progenitor cells in red bone marrow, regulate activities of cells in nonspecific defences (phagocytes/immune responses)

35
Q

Two types of cytokines/function

A

Colony stimulating factors (CSFs)
Interleukins

Stimulate WBC formation

36
Q

Hemoglobin

A

In RBC

Oxygen carrying protein and gives pigment

37
Q

How many new RBC per second

A

2 million

38
Q

RBC anatomy

A

Biconcave
7-8um
Strong/flexible PM
No nucleus/organelles
Cytosol has hemoglobin

39
Q

Why is RBC so good at transporting O

A

No nucleus=more space for O

No mitochondria/generate ATP anaerobically=dont use any O they transport

Biconcave=more SA for diffusion of gas molecules

40
Q

Hemoglobin components

A

Globin: protein of four polypeptide chains
Heme: ringlike pigment bound to each of the 4 chains
Fe2+: center of heme ring that combines reversely with one O

41
Q

How many O can one hemoglobin hold

A

4

42
Q

How much/where does RBC transport CO2

A

23 percent

Attached to AA of globin

43
Q

How does hemoglobin cause vasodilation

A

NO produced by endothelial cells lining BV bind to hemoglobin, when released=vasodilation

44
Q

Importance of CA, carbonic acid, CO2, bicarbonate thing

A

Co2+H2O<—>H2CO3<—>H++HCO3-

Allows 70 percent of CO2 to be transported in blood plasma from tissue cells to lungs in form of HCO3-

Serves as important buffer in ECF

Biol235 Quiz 4 (5 decks)

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