Chapter 20-1 Flashcards
Urinary System i.e Kidney flow
Urinary system’s basic function (3)
- Regulating the internal environment
- RBC production
- Excretion of wastes
When the kidneys filter more blood, what happens to:
a. Urine volume?
b. Systemic blood volume?
c. Systemic blood pressure?
a. Urine output increases
b. Systemic blood volume decreases
c. SBP decreses
When the kidneys filter less blood, what happens to:
a. Urine volume?
b. Systemic blood volume?
c. Systemic blood pressure?
a. Urine output decreases
b. Systemic blood volume increases
c. SBP increases
Identify the hormone that kidneys secrete and briefly describe its importance.
EPO: The kidney secretes erythropoietin which stimulates the production of RBC
Identify the four (4) waste products that are typically found in urine and explain where they come from.
- Ammonia: waste product from protein metabolism
- Urea: waste product from protein metabolism ( wastes/eliminates about 50% )
- Uric Acid: waste product from nucleic acid metabolism
- Creatinine: waste product of creatine metabolism (waste/eliminate 100% )
Describe the basic functions of the following urinary system organs:
a. Kidneys
b. Ureters
c. Bladder
d. Urethra
a. Kidneys—responsible for filtering blood products →filtrate→ urine (left kidney is higher)
b. Ureters—transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder
c. Bladder— collects stores and expels urine
d. Urethra—eliminates urine from the body
Explain the difference between the renal cortex versus the renal medulla.
Renal Cortex: Outer portion– containing renal capsules (made of connective tissue) where blood is filtered
Renal Medulla: Inner portion– containing renal calyces/ pyramids where filtrate turns to urine
What percentage of our total blood volume can our kidneys filter at once?
Only about 20% of total blood volume
Beginning with the renal artery, explain the path that blood must flow through the kidney to the site of blood filtration and then back out of the kidneys through the renal veins.
- Renal artery (02 rich)
- Segmental artery
- Interlobar artery
- Arcuate artery
- Cortical radiate artery
- Afferent arteriole
- Efferent arteriole
—— ——into Kidney Nephron: Filtered blood is now filtrate - Peritubular capillaries
- Cortical radiate veins
- Arcuate veins
- Interlobar veins
- Renal veins (o2 poor)
1-7 is the path of blood that was filtered into the kidneys, steps 8-12 is blood that was not filtered
Beginning with the afferent arteriole, explain the path that blood/filtrate/urine flows through the kidney nephron into the urinary bladder.
In what structure does filtrate become urine?
- Afferent arteriole
- Nephron
- Collecting duct
- Papillary duct
- Minor Calyx —— ( now URINE)
- Major calyx
- Renal pelvis
- Ureter
- Urinary bladder
Explain the purpose of the following structures found within the urinary bladder:
a. Detrusor
b. Trigone
c. Rugae
Urinating = micturition
a. Detrusor— the smooth muscle that lines the wall of the bladder
b. Trigone— the most sensitive area of the bladder, detects pressure from urine volume
c. Rugae— allows the bladder to increase in volume
Explain the anatomical differences between the internal and external urethral sphincter
Internal = involuntary control
External = skeletal muscle = voluntary
Male urethra is longer than females
What is the functional unit of the kidney called? Identify the two (2) regions that comprise it
The functional unit of the kidney is the Nephron
- Renal Capsule/ Corpuscle = Glomerulus, renal capsule
- Renal tubules = proximal convoluted tubule, descending and ascending limb, a loop of Henle
Answer the following statements below:
a. The tubule component that connects directly to the renal capsule?
b. After filtrate passes through the ascending limb it enters this?
c. The distal end of the renal tubule?
a. Proximal convoluted tubule
b. Distal convoluted tubule
c. Papillary duct
Answer the following statements below regarding kidney filtration:
The percentage of water (approximate) returned to blood versus excreted in urine on a daily basis:
Returned = 98-99% Excreted 1-2%
