Chapter 18-2 Flashcards
Accessory organs and Alimentary Canal organs of the Digestive system
Accessory organs: Pancreas, Liver & Gallbladder
Alimentary Canal Organs: Small and Large Intestine
Describe the orientation of the pancreas in the abdominal cavity in context with the duodenum and spleen
The pancreas is below the liver
Connect only to the small intestine
“Tail” next to spleen on the left side of the body
“Body”
Identify the two (2) primary microscopic structures that form the pancreas
- Acini (95%) = Exocrine function
- Islets of Langerhan (5%) = Endocrine function
Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:
Stimulates the release of glucose from skeletal muscle and liver cells.
Glucagon
Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:
Digests lipids into fatty acids
Lipase
Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:
Turns off the secretion of insulin and glucagon
Somatostatin
Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:
Digests carbohydrates into monosaccharides
Amylase
Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:
Responsible for neutralizing stomach acid in the duodenum
NaHCO3
Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:
Digests proteins into amino acids
Proteases
Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:
Promotes the absorption of glucose into skeletal muscle and liver cells
Insulin
Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:
A substance whose function is not well understood
Appendix
What is the functional unit of the liver referred to as?
Liver Lobule
Identify the components that form the portal triad. (3)
- Bile Duct
- Hepatic arteries
- Hepatic Portal Veins
Identify and explain the four (4) digestive functions of the liver
- Produce Bile
- Modify
- Detoxify
- Store substance’s from GI Tract
Identify and explain the four (4) non-digestive functions of the liver
- Produce albumin
- Produce heparin
- Produce vitamin D3
- Break down / recycle RBC’s
Explain the importance of kupfer cells and hepatocytes and how they contribute to the overall functioning of the liver. Which cell type is more abundant?
Hepatocytes: Most abundant of the two, perform most liver functions
Kupfer cells: Less prominent of the two, macrophages that engulf /break down RBC
Explain the function of the gallbladder as it relates to the liver and duodenum.
Connected to liver and Duodenom
Collects bile from the liver and stores it until needed
What is the purpose of bile?
Emulsifies lipids = makes it easier to break down substances
Describe the purpose of the hepatopancreatic ampulla
“Ampulla of vater “ physically connects the gallbladder, pancreas and duodenum
Regarding the anatomy of the small intestine:
The region of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine.
Ileum
Regarding the anatomy of the small intestine:
The region of the small intestine that connects with the pylorus.
Duodenum
What structures are the “brush border” of the small intestine formed by?
Brush Border: formed by many Villi on mucosal surface of the small intestine
Describe the importance/function of the following cells below:
a. Absorptive cells
b. Goblet cells
c. Enteroendocrine cells
d. Paneth cells—
a. Absorptive cells— absorb nutrients from the lumen of the small intestine
b. Goblet cells— secretes mucous that coats mucosa
c. Enteroendocrine cells— secretes CCK, Secretin, and Gastric Inhibitory Peptide into blood
d. Paneth cells— immune cells (macrophages) that engulf foreign pathogens
In which organ does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?
Small Intestine = 95%
Regarding the anatomy of the large intestine (colon):
The appendix is associated with this region of the colon
Cecum
Regarding the anatomy of the large intestine (colon):
The anatomical term for the “pouches” within the large intestine
Haustra
Regarding the anatomy of the large intestine (colon):
The distal region of the large intestine
Sigmoid Colon
Regarding the anatomy of the large intestine (colon):
The region of the colon that connects to the small intestine
Cecum
Regarding the anatomy of the large intestine (colon):
The sphincter that separates the small and large intestines
Ileocecal Sphincter
Regarding the anatomy of the large intestine (colon):
The ribbons of smooth muscle that run superficially across the colon
Taeniae Coli
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
Primary responsible for water absorption
