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Anatomy/Phys > Chapter 18-2 > Flashcards

Chapter 18-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Accessory organs and Alimentary Canal organs of the Digestive system

A

Accessory organs: Pancreas, Liver & Gallbladder

Alimentary Canal Organs: Small and Large Intestine

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2
Q

Describe the orientation of the pancreas in the abdominal cavity in context with the duodenum and spleen

A

The pancreas is below the liver
Connect only to the small intestine
“Tail” next to spleen on the left side of the body
“Body”

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3
Q

Identify the two (2) primary microscopic structures that form the pancreas

A
  1. Acini (95%) = Exocrine function
  2. Islets of Langerhan (5%) = Endocrine function
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4
Q

Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:

Stimulates the release of glucose from skeletal muscle and liver cells.

A

Glucagon

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5
Q

Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:

Digests lipids into fatty acids

A

Lipase

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6
Q

Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:

Turns off the secretion of insulin and glucagon

A

Somatostatin

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7
Q

Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:

Digests carbohydrates into monosaccharides

A

Amylase

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8
Q

Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:

Responsible for neutralizing stomach acid in the duodenum

A

NaHCO3

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9
Q

Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:

Digests proteins into amino acids

A

Proteases

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10
Q

Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:

Promotes the absorption of glucose into skeletal muscle and liver cells

A

Insulin

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11
Q

Regarding the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas:

A substance whose function is not well understood

A

Appendix

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12
Q

What is the functional unit of the liver referred to as?

A

Liver Lobule

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13
Q

Identify the components that form the portal triad. (3)

A
  1. Bile Duct
  2. Hepatic arteries
  3. Hepatic Portal Veins
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14
Q

Identify and explain the four (4) digestive functions of the liver

A
  1. Produce Bile
  2. Modify
  3. Detoxify
  4. Store substance’s from GI Tract
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15
Q

Identify and explain the four (4) non-digestive functions of the liver

A
  1. Produce albumin
  2. Produce heparin
  3. Produce vitamin D3
  4. Break down / recycle RBC’s
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16
Q

Explain the importance of kupfer cells and hepatocytes and how they contribute to the overall functioning of the liver. Which cell type is more abundant?

A

Hepatocytes: Most abundant of the two, perform most liver functions

Kupfer cells: Less prominent of the two, macrophages that engulf /break down RBC

17
Q

Explain the function of the gallbladder as it relates to the liver and duodenum.

A

Connected to liver and Duodenom
Collects bile from the liver and stores it until needed

18
Q

What is the purpose of bile?

A

Emulsifies lipids = makes it easier to break down substances

19
Q

Describe the purpose of the hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

“Ampulla of vater “ physically connects the gallbladder, pancreas and duodenum

20
Q

Regarding the anatomy of the small intestine:

The region of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine.

A

Ileum

21
Q

Regarding the anatomy of the small intestine:

The region of the small intestine that connects with the pylorus.

A

Duodenum

22
Q

What structures are the “brush border” of the small intestine formed by?

A

Brush Border: formed by many Villi on mucosal surface of the small intestine

23
Q

Describe the importance/function of the following cells below:

a. Absorptive cells
b. Goblet cells
c. Enteroendocrine cells
d. Paneth cells—

A

a. Absorptive cells— absorb nutrients from the lumen of the small intestine

b. Goblet cells— secretes mucous that coats mucosa

c. Enteroendocrine cells— secretes CCK, Secretin, and Gastric Inhibitory Peptide into blood

d. Paneth cells— immune cells (macrophages) that engulf foreign pathogens

24
Q

In which organ does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?

A

Small Intestine = 95%

25
Q

Regarding the anatomy of the large intestine (colon):

The appendix is associated with this region of the colon

A

Cecum

26
Q

Regarding the anatomy of the large intestine (colon):

The anatomical term for the “pouches” within the large intestine

A

Haustra

27
Q

Regarding the anatomy of the large intestine (colon):

The distal region of the large intestine

A

Sigmoid Colon

28
Q

Regarding the anatomy of the large intestine (colon):

The region of the colon that connects to the small intestine

A

Cecum

29
Q

Regarding the anatomy of the large intestine (colon):

The sphincter that separates the small and large intestines

A

Ileocecal Sphincter

30
Q

Regarding the anatomy of the large intestine (colon):

The ribbons of smooth muscle that run superficially across the colon

A

Taeniae Coli

31
Q

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

A

Primary responsible for water absorption

Anatomy/Phys (6 decks)

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