Chapter 2: Workforce Safety and Wellness Flashcards
1
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
Reactions to stress that occur during a stressful situation.
A
Acute Stress Reactions (ASR)
2
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
Treatments that increase the risk for transmission of infections that are spread through the air or by droplets; CPR is an example.
A
Aerosol-Generating Procedure
3
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
The spread of an organism via droplets or dust.
A
Airborne Transmission
4
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but not limited to, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
A
Bloodborne Pathogens
5
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
A combination of exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced performance resulting from longterm job stresses in health care and oather high stress professions.
A
Burnout
6
Q
What does the acronym mean?
CDC
A
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
7
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
The primary federal agency that conducts and supports public health activities in the United States. Part of the US Department of Health and Human Services.
A
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
8
Q
What does the acronym mean?
CISM
A
Critical Incident Stress Management
9
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another.
A
Communicable Disease
10
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
A stress disorder characterized by gradual lessening of compassion over time.
A
Compassion Fatigue
11
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
The use of objects to limit a person’s visibility of you.
A
Concealment
12
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
The presence of infectious organisms on or in objects such as dressings, water, food, needles, wounds, or a patient’s body.
A
Contamination
13
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection.
A
Cover
14
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
A process that confronts the responses to critical incidents and defuses them, directing the emergency services personnel toward physical and emotional equilibrium.
A
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)
15
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
Prolonged or excessive stress.
A
Cumulative Stress Reactions
16
Q
List warning signs of Cumulative Stress.
A
- Irritability toward coworkers, family, and friends
- Inability to concentrate
- Difficulty sleeping, increased sleeping, or nightmares
- Feelings of sadness, anxiety, or guilt
- Indecisiveness
- Loss of appetite (GI Disturbances)
- Isolation
- Loss of interest in work
- Increased use of alcohol
- Recreational drug use
- Physical symptoms such as chronic pain (headache, backache)
- Feelings of hopelessness
17
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
Reactions to stress that occur after a stressful situation.
A
Delayed Stress Reactions
18
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
The individual in the department charged with the responsibility of managing exposures and infection control issues.
A
Designated Officer
19
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
Exposure or transmission of a communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact.
A
Direct Contact
20
Q
What are five ways diseases can be transmitted?
A
- Direct Contact
- Indirect Contact
- Airborne Transmission
- Foodborne Transmission
- Vector-Borne Transmission
21
Q
What phrase or word matches this definition?
A negative response to a stressor.
A
Distress
22
Q
List examples of events that are likely to cause distress.
A
- Death of a family member or friend
- Divorce
- Financial Problems
- Interpersonal Conflict
- Health Issues
- Responding to a scene of violence
- Responding to a mass-casualty incident
- Responding to the death of a child
- Illness or injury of a friend or coworker
23
Q
When should gloves be worn?
A
- For touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, or contaminated items.
- For touching mucous membranes and nonintact skin.
- When patient has a confirmed or is suspected of having a highly communicable disease.
24
Q
When should a gown be worn?
A
- During procedures and patient care activities when contqact of the EMT’s clothing / exposed skin to blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, or contaminated items is anticipated.
- When patient has a confirmed or is suspected of having a highly communicable disease.
25
When should a mask and eye protection or face shield be worn?
* During procedures and patient care activities likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions.
* When patient has a confirmed or is suspected of having a highly communcicable disease. N95 or higher respirator, or powerd air-purifying respirator should be worn.
26
Describe environmental controls that reduce disease transmission.
* Have procedures for the routine care, cleaning, and disinfection of environmental surfaces.
* Pay special attention to frequently touched surfaces within the ambulance (handrails, seats, cabinets, doors).
27
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
A beneficial response to a stressor.
Eustress
28
List examples of events that are likely to cause **eustress.**
* Receiving a promotion
* Taking a vacation
* Moving
* Participating in a culture of challenge and debate
* Undertaking a physical fitness regimen
* Receiving an award or recognition
* Giving birth
* Taking a new certification class
* Taking a new job or joining a new organization
29
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
A situation in which a person had contact with blood, body fluids, tissues, or airborne particles in a manner that suggests disease transmission may occur.
Exposure
30
Describe the actions an AEMT should take when exposed to patient blood or bodily fluids.
1. Turn over patient care to another EMS provider.
2. When safe, clean the exposed area with soap / water. If eyes were exposed, flush for at least 20 minutes.
3. Activate the department's infection control plan. Contact supervisor or the infection control officer who will advise on next steps.
4. Complete an exposure report.
31
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
The contamination of food or water with an organism that can cause disease.
Foodborne Transmission
32
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
The body's response to stress that transitions through alarm, reaction and resistance, recovery and if stress is prolonged, exhaustion.
General Adaptation Syndrome
33
When should hand hygiene be performed?
* After touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, or contaminated items.
* Immediately after removing gloves.
* Between patient contacts.
* Before putting gloves on if patient has a confirmed or is suspected of having a highly communicable disease.
34
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
Inflammation of the liver, usually by a viral infection causing fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function.
Hepatitis
35
# What does the acronym mean?
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
36
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
The organism or individual attacked by the infecting agent.
Host
37
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
The type of sexual harassment that involves jokes, touching, leering, requests for a date, or talking about body parts.
Hostile Work Environment
38
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
Caused by a virus that damages cells in the body's immune system rendering the body unable to fight infection.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
39
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
The body's ability to protect itself from acquiring a disease.
Immune
40
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object.
Indirect Contact
41
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
The abnormal invasion of a host or host tissues by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, with or without signs or symptoms of disease.
Infection
42
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
Procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and health care personnel.
Infection Control
43
List the components of an **Infection Control Plan**.
* Determination of Exposure Risk
* Education and Training
* Personal Protective Equipment
* Cleaning and Disinfection Practices
* Tuberculin Skin Testing / Fit Testing
* Hepatitis B Vaccine Program
* Postexposure Management
* Compliance Monitoring
* Communication of Hazards to Employees and Training
* Record Keeping
44
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
A medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.
Infectious Disease
45
Describe the characteristic of lifelong immunity.
The illness will not recur.
46
List strategies to manage stress.
* Minimize or eliminate stressors as much as possible.
* Change partners to avoid a negative or hostile personality.
* Change work hours.
* Change the work environment.
* Cut back on overtime.
* Change your attitude about the stressor.
* Talk about your feelings with people you trust.
* Seek professional counseling if needed.
* Do not obsess over frustrating situations that you are unable to change, such as relapsing alcoholics and nursing home transfers; focus on delivering high-quality care.
* Try to adopt a more relaxed, philosophical outlook.
* Expand your social support system beyond your coworkers.
* Develop friends and interests outside emergency services.
* Minimize the physical response to stress by using various techniquess, including...
* Periodic stretching or yoga
* Slow, deep breathing
* Regular physical exercise (150 min per week including cardiovascular effort)
* Progressive muscle relaxation
* Meditation
* Limit intake of caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco use
47
How should needles and other sharp objects be handled?
* Do not recap, bend, break, or hand-manipulate used needles.
* Use safety features when available (needleless intravenous systems).
* Place sharps in puncture-resistant containers.
48
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
The federal regulatory compliance agency that develops, publishes, and enforces guidelines concerning safety in the workplace.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
49
# What does the acronym mean?
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
50
Describe the characteristic of partial immunity.
Infection provides lifelong immunty to the patient from acquiring a new infection from the same germ, but the original illness may reoccur if the germ remiains in the body lying dormant and later becoming active again (i.e. chicken pox later presenting as shingles).
51
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
A microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a susceptible host.
Pathogen
52
How can an AEMT reduce exposure risk during patient resuscitation?
Use a resuscitation bag or other ventilation devices to prevent contact with mouth and oral secretions.
53
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
Protective equipment that blocks exposure to a pathogen or a hazardous material.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
54
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
A delayed stress reaction to a prior incident. Often the result of one or more unresolved issues concerning the incident, and may relate to an incident that involved physical harm or the threat of physical harm.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
55
# What does the acronym mean?
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
56
List the different types of protective clothing worn to prevent injury.
* Cold Weather Clothing
* Turnout Gear
* Work Gloves
* Helmets
* Boots
* Safety Glasses
* Ear Protection
* Skin Protection
* Body Armor
57
# What does the acronym mean?
PTSD
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
58
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
The type of sexual harassment where the harasser requests sexual favors in exhange for something else (i.e. promotion).
Quid Pro Quo
59
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
The capacity of an individual to cope with and recover from distress.
Resilience
60
What can an AEMT do promote good patient respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette?
* Instruct symptomatic patients to cover mouth / nose when sneezing or coughing.
* Place a surgical mask on patient.
* If mask cannot be used, maintain special separation (\> 6 feet / 2 meters if possible).
61
List the risks and hazards of sleep deprivation.
* Medical Errors
* Vehicle Crashes
* Harm to patients, bystanders, EMS providers
* Hypertension
* Sleep apnea
* Respiratory issues
* Diabetes
* Increase stress levels, which contributes to fatigue and more sleep issues
62
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
Any unwelcome sexual advance, request for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when submitting is a condition of employment, submitting or such conduct substantially interferes with performance and / or creates a hostile or offensive work environment.
Sexual Harassment
63
How should soiled patient care equipment be handled?
* EMT should wear gloves.
* Handle in a manner that prevents transfer of microorganisms to other and to the environment.
* Practice hand hygiene.
64
What are the stages of gried and how does one cycle through them?
Stages of Grief:
## Footnote
* Denial
* Anger / Hostility
* Bargaining
* Depression
* Acceptance
There isn't a specific linear progression. The stages may follow one another is some people while in others they may occur simultaneously or a person may jump back and forth between stages.
65
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the CDC for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, or other potential exposure risks of communicable disease.
Standard Precautions
66
How should textiles and laundry be handled?
In a manner that prevents transfer of microorganisms to other sand to the environment.
67
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
The way in which an infectious disease is spread: contact, airborne, by vehicles, or by vectors.
Transmission
68
List the four types of immunity.
* Lifelong
* Partial
* None
* Other / Unknown
69
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
The use of an animal to spread an organism from one person or place to another.
Vector-Borne Transmission
70
# What phrase or word matches this definition?
A chronic bacterial disease, caused by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*, that usually affects the lungs but also can affect other organs such as the brain and kidneys; it is spread by cough and can lie dormant in a person's lungs for decades and then reactivate.
Tuberculosis
71
How often should the ambulance be cleaned?
Daily and after each call.
72
List the top 10 causes of death according to the 2017 data.
1. Heart Disease
2. Cancer
3. Unintentional Injuries
4. Chronic, lower respiratory disease
5. Stroke
6. Alzheimer Disease
7. Diabetes
8. Influenza and pneumonia
9. Kidney Disease/Renal Disease
10. Suicide
73
Which infectious diseases provide lifelong immunity?
Measles
Mumps
Polio
Rubella
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
74
Which infectious diseases provide partial immunity?
Chickenpox
Tuberculosis
75
Which infectious diseases provide no immunity?
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
HIV
76
What are the 7 common hazards in a fire?
Smoke
Oxygen Deficiency
High Ambient Temperatures
Toxic Gases
Building Collapse
Equipment
Explosions
77
What factors should an AEMT pay attention to for potentional violence?
History of violent or hostile behavior.
Posture
Vocal Activity
Physical Activity
78
List the physiological manifestions of stress.
Increased respirations / heart rate
Increased blood pressure
Dilated venous vessels near skin (cool, clammy)
Dilated pupils
Muscle tension
Increased blood glucose levels
Perspiration
Descreased blood flow to GI tract
79
List the signs/symptoms of PTSD.
Depression
Startle reactions
Flashback phenomena
Dissociative episodes
80
List the symptoms of burnout.
* Chronic fatigue and irritability
* Cynical, negative attitudes
* Lack of desire to report to work
* Emotional instability (crying easily, flying off the handle without provocation, laughing inappropriately)
* Changes in sleep patterns (insomnia or sleeping more than usual) and waking without feeling refreshed
* Feelings of being overwhelmed or being helpless or hopeless
* Loss of interest in hobbies
* Decreased ability to concentrate
* Declining health—having frequent colds, stomach upsets, and muscle aches and pains (especially headaches or backaches)
* Constant tightness in your muscles
* Overeating, smoking, or abusing drugs or alcohol
81
Describe 8 strategies for preventing burnout.
82
What should be considered when communicating with coworkers and patients?
* Be aware of your own cultural background.
Also consider:
* Age
* Disability/handicap
* Gender/gender identity
* Sexual orientation
* Marital status
* Work experience
* Education
* Do not assume that there is a language barrier.
* Do not be patronizing.
* There are legitimate differences in how various cultures respond to stress.
* Consider taking multilingual training classes.
83
What are the two types of sexual harrassment?
Quid Pro Quo
Hostile Work Environment
84
What steps should be taken if you have been harrassed?
* If you have been harassed, report it to your supervisor immediately according to your local policy and procedure.
* Keep factual documentation of what happened and what was said.
* Confront the harasser only if you feel comfortable doing so.
* If you are asked for a date, say, “I’m not interested.”
* If remarks or touching offends you, say, “Please do not say/do that to me; it offends me.”
85
Which agency should be contacted if your employer's complaint mechanism does not resolve your sexual harrassment grievance?
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
86
How can an AEMT support a family of a patient who has died?
* Ask whether there is anything you can do that will be of help.
* Provide gentle and caring support.
* Reinforce the reality of the situation.
* Be honest and sincere.
* Do not take misplaced anger personally.
87
What factors influence how a patient reacts to stress during an emergency?
* Personality
* Socioeconomic background
* Fear of health care personnel
* Alcohol or substance abuse
* History of chronic disease
* Mental disorders
* Reaction to medication
* Age
* Nutritional status
* Feelings of guilt
* Past experience with illness or injury
88
What can an AEMT support a family when there has been a death of a child?
* One of your responsibilities is to help the family through the initial period after the death.
* Alert them to the follow-up counseling and support services that are available.
* Acknowledge the fact of the death.
* Find a private place where the parents can hold the child.
* Do not overload the family with information.
* Use nonverbal communication.
* Encourage parents to talk about their feelings.
89
How should an AEMT support a critically ill or injured patient?
* Avoid sad and grim comments
* Orient the patient
* Be honest
* Allow for hope
* Locate and notify family members
* Remain calm and confident in your skills.
* Have a relative or responsible adult accompany the child to relieve anxiety and assist in care as appropriate.
