Chapter 2 What is Global governance Flashcards
Peace of Westphalia 1648
- Principle of STATE SOVEREIGNTY over territory and domestic affairs, territorial integrity and nonintervention
- beginning of the modern international system
- westphalian norms of state sovereignty still the most widely shared building block of global gov in international law
The second industrial revolution (1870-1914) so before WWI — similar to the word today
- advancements in manufacturing and production technology
- unprecedented movement of people and ideas
- public international unions : communication and transportation
- international organizations : support for people impacted by the inter-imperial world
- growth of industrial standards and inter-imperial rules
- social movement organizations
Britain = hegemonic power and plays central roles in many of these early dev of global gov
Geopolitical and human disasters of the early-20th century
- world wars
- economic depression
- collapse of empires
- totalitarisme : fascism, national socialism (nazism), communism
- concentration camps, genocides and death camps
- use of chemical, biological and atomic weapons
UN era
- Intergovernmental institutions: for eco, pol, secu coop. (western nations mostly, led by the US)
- Centerpiece of Global Gov — the UN : Security council + a universal membership General Assembly
- Autonomous specialised agencies working with the UN (WHO, IMF, UNESCO, World Bank)
- Maintaining peace
- Regulating the global monetary and financial system
- Maintaining the rules of internat. trade
- Managing refugee flows
- More
Why has the quest for global governance accelerated in recent years ? (M. Karns et al.)
- Globalization : complex multidimensional process of economic, cultural and social change. Economic markets, cultures, people’s and states have become linked. (thanks to transportation and communication, but also through deregulation and privatisation of biz, finance and services)
- Technological changes : cell-phones — 96 % pop, internet 40%
- The Cold War’s end : shift from a bipolar to a unipolar/ nonpolar structure; wave of democratisation; new governance challenges
- Expanding transnationalism : process through which individuals and various types of non state actors work tgt across state borders
Why has the quest for global governance accelerated in recent years (C.Murphy)
4 Crisis :
1) demand from developing countries for a more equitable global order
2) global economic shift to laissez faire -> internationalisation of capitalism
3) new demands for peacemaking/ peacekeeping/ peacebuilding & humanitarian services
4) global environmental pbs
Why has the quest for global governance accelerated in recent years ? J. Ikenberry
Transformation of American-led global governance :
Two grand forces of global order
1) westphalian project (state sovereignty)
2) liberal institutionalist projects (coop, integrated global syst)
American liberal hegemonic power (open trade, multilateral institutions, democratic partnerships)
—-> shifting : new forms of collective action, redistribute rights and authority, share decision making. transition to a more widely shared syst of governance.
key ideas to define global governance
- management of international liberalism
- collective effort
- multilateral rules and institutions
- multiactor perspective on world politics
- identify and address transboundary pbs/ challenges
global governance not global government
not a single world order,
no top-down, hierarchical structure of authority
government : activities backed by formal authority
governance : activities backed by shared goals,
informal nongovernmental mechanisms
Actors in global governance
- states : primary source of igos and military capabilities for peace
- igos & their bureaucracies
- ngos : private voluntary org coming tgt to achieve a common purpose
- experts and epistemically networks
- networks and partnerships : facilitate info and provide forms of gov
- mncs : non state actors, conduct for-profit biz
multilateralism (process of global governance)
coordinated relations along three or more states :
- shift from bilateral to multilateral diplomacy and institutions increasing complexity of multilateralism (nb of actors = multiple interests, issues, rules…)
- Kishore Mahbubani : «three voices» in multilateral diplomacy — reason, POWER, charm
- IGOs : central core of formal multilateral machinery — states join to promote their own interests, solve disputes and shape debates
DECISIONMAKING «pressure toward consensus)
LEADERSHIP (historically us)
International Rules and Laws
rules, norms and standards accepted in relations between states.
limitations of international law
- implies only to states, except for war crimes and crimes against humanity
- abs of internat. enforcement mechanisms
