CHAPTER 2 - Tools Flashcards by Abi Faulkner

FILES
What are they usually manufactured from?

Hardened high carbon alloy steel

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FILES
How are files further categorised?

Further classified as single or double cut depending on the spacing of the teeth. Rough files usually single cut and dead-smooth files usually double cut. Other grades can be a mixture between both. There is also a cut called bastard - very harsh.

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FILES
Name 3 types of hand files and their purposes…

TYPES
Hand, Flat, Half-Round, Round, Square, Triangular or Three Square, Knife Edge, Warding, Rasp

PURPOSES
1. HAND = Common, used for roughing and finishing, usually has a ‘safe edge’ for when cutting against corner
2. FLAT = General purpose file, no ‘safe edge’ and used for surfacing work.
3. HALF-ROUND = Section of this type is a chord of a circle, used for forming radii, grooves etc. and flat side is used for finishing flat surfaces
4. ROUND = Round section tapering towards the end, used for opening out holes, producing rounded corners, round ended slots etc.
5. SQUARE = used for cutting keyways and slots, usually double cut on all four faces
6. TRIANGULAR OR THREE SQUARE = usually double cut on all faces, used for corners of less than 90’ and for cleaning right angle corners
7. KNIFE EDGE = one thick edge and used for all work having acute angles
8. WARDING = like a flat file but much thinner, used for grooving, notching and small work and for cutting out narrow slots
9. RASP = Very course with ‘upset’ teeth, used for rough fling of soft metals and soft non-metallic materials

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FILES
How would you clean a hand file?

File cards (wire bush mounted on a block of wood) and use of chalk

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FILES
Which type of file can be used for cutting keyways and slots?

Square File

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HAMMERS
What are the 3 types of hammers?
What are their different purposes?

Ball Pein = Used for general-purpose work and enable a blow to be delivered to a very small area - used for peening or riveting
Cross Pein and Straight Pein = Flat surface used for general work, suitable to use where access to the working surface is limited
Nylon Faced = Softer material enables heavy blows to be delivered without damaging the surface of the work

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HAMMERS
How are hammers classified?

Classified by weight and types of head

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BENCH VICE
What are bench vices used for?
How do you classify bench vices?

To hold the work steady
Classified by the length of the jaws

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MEASURING AND MARKING OUT
What are toolmakers clamps used for?
How are they classified?

Used to hold small jobs

Classified by their overall length

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MEASURING AND MARKING OUT
What material is an Engineer’s Ruler made from?
What should you not do with them?

High carbon steel
Should not be subjected to rough usage

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MEASURING AND MARKING OUT
What are Engineer’s Square used for?
How should these be stored when not in use?

For checking right angles for accuracy
Lightly oiled and stored in a box provided

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MEASURING AND MARKING OUT
How do you test an Engineer’s Square for accuracy?

The reversal method -> placed against a true edge and a line marked before turning the square over and repeated. If not accurate, it will show twice the error

Checking against a Master Square

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MEASURING AND MARKING OUT
How you protect a Scriber Point from damage?
How are they sharpened?

They must be kept sharp to enable a clean marking. When not in use, they can be pushed into a piece of cork or similar material.
They can be sharpened on an oilstone.

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MEASURING AND MARKING OUT
How do you sharpen a pair of Spring Dividers?

Sharpened by closing their legs and the outside of the legs sharpened on an oilstone

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HACKSAWS
How many teeth does a Fine Toothed Hacksaw Blade have?

24 to 32 teeth per inch

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MEASURING AND MARKING OUT
What are Centre Punches used for and why is this necessary?

Used to make small indentations or ‘pop’ marks on metal surfaces
Necessary at the start of a drilling per action to locate the point of the drill

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HACKSAWS
How many teeth does a Coarse Toothed Hacksaw Blade have?

18 teeth per inch

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HACKSAWS
Which Hacksaw Blade would be used for cutting hard material and thin sections?

Fine toothed blades

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HACKSAWS
When are Coarsed Hacksaw blades used?

To cut rapidly into softer bulkier material

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HACKSAWS
Which Hacksaw would be used for cutting smaller diameter bar or where access cannot be gained with a standard frame?

Junior Hacksaw

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HACKSAWS
How many teeth are Junior Hacksaws?

32 teeth per inch

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HACKSAWS
What type of Hacksaw Blade can cut in any direction?
What can they cut through?

Radial Hacksaw Blades (Abrafiles)
Cut through metal, wood and plastic

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CHISELS
How would you sharpen a Carbon Steel Chisel?

Sharpened by grinding on an emery wheel (Grindstone)

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CHISELS
What are flat chisels used for?

Removing the heads from rivets during rivet removal

TABLES AND VEE BLOCKS When not in use, how should the table surface be left?

Lightly oiled and protected with its wooden cover

TABLES AND VEE BLOCKS What is a Surface Plate?

They have the same purpose as marking off table but re much smaller and can bee used on a bench

TABLES AND VEE BLOCKS How are Vee Blocks supplied?

Supplied in matching pairs

TABLES AND VEE BLOCKS How are Vee Blocks classified?

Classified by the maximum diameter of the work they can hold

TABLES AND VEE BLOCKS How are Vee Blocks identified?

Each one of the pairs is stamped with the same identification mark

TABLES AND VEE BLOCKS What can be used to ensure scribe lines are seen clear?

Marking Blue (SPECTRA BLUE)

COMBINATION SET Name the 3 pieces of a combination set..

1. Square Head: this provides two working surfaces, on at 90’ and the other at 45’ to the blade 2. Centre Head: head can be used to locate the approximate centre of the end of a round bar or tube 3. Protractor Head: used fro setting up or checking any angle up to 180’

COMBINATION SET How accurate is the a protractor head?

Accurate to 1 degree

COMBINATION SET Which piece can be used to locate the approximate centre of a tube?

Centre head

COMBINATION SET Where do you store a combination set when not in use?

All parts are to be clean and kept in the protective box provided

GUILLOTINE When using a guillotine, how would you check the maximum gauge of material allowed to be cut?

Do not cut any metal thicker than the maximum SWG specified for that machine

TEST AND MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT Define TME

The range of items which are utilised to provide an indication of system, equipment or component serviceability and/or evaluate the ability of the system or equipment to meet precisely defined performance or measurement standards

TEST AND MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT What is the difference between TME and gauging?

The difference is that in measurement a dimension is actually measured using an instrument while gauging means comparing the dimension without reference to its size

TEST AND MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT What are the 5 pieces of information on a MOD FORM 1775A?

Date Cal. (As a word) Next Cal. (Month started as a word) Serial No. Cert No. Cal Centre

TEST AND MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT On a metric Vernier Caliper, using the 24/25 scale, what size is the main scale, and what size is the small scale equal to?

The main scale is split into 25 divisions at 0.5mm and the smaller scale into 24 diversions at 0.48mm

TEST AND MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT How accurate is a Vernier Caliper?

0.02mm

TEST AND MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT What are the 4 pre-checks to carry out on a Vernier Calliper? State them in the correct order

The 4Cs: Calibration: make sure dates and numbers coincide Clean: the jaws Close: jaw fully and ensure no daylight shows Check: zero marks using a magnifying glass if necessary

TEST AND MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT Name the 3 common types of standard gauges in use.. State their uses

1. Plug Gauges: used for holes and screw threads. Contain a ‘GO’ gauge and a ‘NO GO’ gauge. Thickness and feeler gauges are another form of plug gauge 2. Calliper Gauges: Also known as a snap or plate gauges. Used for external measurement 3. Profile Gauges: Used as a guide when cutting and drilling metal and for checking the contours of existing components

SPECIAL POWER TOOLS Name the 3 typical pneumatic hand drills in common use…

1. Straight Drill 2. Angled Drill (30’ 90’ and 360’) 3. Pistol Grip Drill

SPECIAL POWER DRILLS What is the maximum size of twist drill a standard pistol grip drill can accept?

Accept twist drills with a diameter up to 8mm

SPECIAL POWER DRILLS What are the advantages of using air driven tools for airframe repairs?

Avoid the possibility of static discharge around fuels and oils Provide controllable rotational speed Provide relatively high torque

SPECIAL POWER DRILLS Name 6 tools that can be used in a pneumatic drill..

1. Twist drill 2. Cone cutters 3. Rotational files 4. Hole saws 5. Abrasive pads 6. Countersinking tool

SPECIAL POWER DRILLS How many different types of pneumatic drills are there?

SPECIAL POWER DRILLS What is the maximum size of drill that can be held in an angled drill?

Twist drills with diameters in sizes up to 6mm

SPECIAL POWER DRILLS What is a pneumatic rivet hammer used for? What safety precaution MUST be rolled when using this hammer?

Used to set solid rivets more quickly than using a hammer and dolly When operating the dolly must either be pressed against the job being riveted or a piece of wood when setting up the gun. IT MUST BE SUPPORTED

POWER TOOL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS What 7 precautions must be used when using an air supply?

1. Know where the hose is plugged in and where the ‘turn off’ value is 2. Check hoses before use for damage 3. Do not operate the tool at a pressure above the manufacturing rating 4. Avoid creating trip hazards caused by hoses 5. Disconnect the air supply when tool is not in use 6. Do not direct compressed air at anyone 7. When not in use, roll up hoses and store away from oils/greases and moisture

POWER TOOL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS What 5 pre-use checks should be followed on a air tool?

1. Examine main body of the tool for damage 2. Check the trigger is not damaged and is operating freely 3. Keep tools clean and lubricated and maintain law manufacturer’s instructions 4. Keep hands and loose clothing away from rotating or moving parts of an air tool 5. If tools do not work properly, or are in an unsafe condition, do not use them

FILES How do you categorise a hand file?

1. Length: from the shoulder to the point - ranging from 4 to 14 inches 2. Section: cross-sectional profile (rectangular, square, round, half round etc.) 3. Grade: the spacing and cut of the teeth to provide a certain type of finish (rough/smooth) 4. Cut

HAMMERS What should you check before using a hammer?

Ensure the head is firmly secured and there are no cracks in the shaft

MEASURING AND MARKING OUT What are Scribers made from? What are they used for?

High Carbon Steel Used for marking lines on the surface of the job

TABLES AND VEE BLOCKS Describe what a Vee Block look like

COMBINATION SET In the square head, what is the angle of the two working surfaces, to the blade?

One at 90’, and the other at 45’, to the blade

GUILLOTINE What is the maximum thickness the guillotines in the hanger are capable of?

Used on aluminium alloy sheets up to 1.6mm thick

TEST AND MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT What type of form is used to indicate compliance with calibration labels?

MOD 1775A/B/C Valid Calibration (Orange stripe)