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AIRFRAME REPAIR > CHAPTER 12 - AIRCRAFT TRANSPARENCIES > Flashcards

CHAPTER 12 - AIRCRAFT TRANSPARENCIES Flashcards

1
Q

CONSTRUCTION
What are the three construction categories for transparencies?

A
  1. Forward Windscreens
  2. Side Panels or Quarter Lights
  3. Cabin Windows and Ancillary Transparent Panels
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2
Q

OPTCAL DEFINITIONS
What are the three optical definitions when coping with transparencies?

A

Supercritical
Critical
Non-Critical

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3
Q

OPTICAL DEFINITIONS
When might the cabin windows need a higher degree of accuracy then normal?

A

For reconnaissance camera panels

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4
Q

MATERIALS
What 4 things help determine what transparency material is used?

A
  1. Physical and Mechanical Properties
  2. Ambient operating conditions
  3. Optical quality
  4. Application (weather capability, pressurised cabins etc.)
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5
Q

MATERIALS
What three material groups are most often used for transparency construction/

A
  1. Glass
  2. Acrylics
  3. Polycarbonates
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6
Q

MATERIAL
What transparency material must be annealed to relieve internal stresses?
It is often used in laminated transparency’s with other materials for safety reasons as well..

A

Glass

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7
Q

MATERIALS
What are ‘Perspex’, ‘Oro-glass 55’ and ‘Plexiglass’ all examples of?

A

Acrylics

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8
Q

MATERIALS
What are the two forms acrylic transparencies can be in?

A
  1. As-cast acrylics
  2. Stretched acrylics
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9
Q

MATERIALS
What is a strong advantage of acrylics?

A

Weather resistant

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10
Q

MATERIALS
Due to their relatively soft surface, what are acrylics prone to?

A

Scratch and impact damage

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11
Q

MATERIALS
Polycarbonates hold very similar properties to acrylics, however, what is their greatest additional property?

A

Higher Toughness and impact strength over a wide temperature range

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12
Q

MATERIALS
What are acrylics and polycarbonates susceptible to damage from?

A

Certain materials like de-icing fluids and solvents

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13
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
How often are transparencies examined?

A

As part of flight servicing and scheduled maintenance activities

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14
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
What is a method for assessing scratches on an aircraft transparency?

A

Ennis X50 microscope

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15
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
Match the labels with the correct letter on the diagram..
Lower lens
Focus Ring
Depth Scale
Eyepiece
Cursor
Lens Barrel
Feet
Transparent Base
Viewing Lens
Internal Rotating Scale

Ennis X50 Microscope
A

A: Eyepiece
B: Viewing Lens
C: Internal Rotating Scale
D: Depth Scale
E: Lens Barrel
F: Cursor
G: Focus Ring
H: Lower Lens
I: Transparent Base
J: Feet

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16
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
State the leading particular for the English X50 microscope..

Magnification
Field in View
Graduations on Focus Ring
Graduations on lens Scale
Max measuring range
Size Diameter
Weight

A

Magnification - X50
Field in View: 2.0mm
Graduations on Focus Ring: 0.1mm
Graduations on Lens Scale: 0.02mm
Max measuring range: 1.6mm
Size Diameter: 41.50mm x height: 122mm
Weight: 83gm

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17
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
What pre-use checks should you do before using an English X50 microscope?

A

No obvious damage to the microscope
Ensure all the lenses are securely screwed into the lens barrel (lower lens is screwed into retaining ring and held in a fixed position)
Rubber eyepiece is fitted to the top lens

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18
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
How do you take a measurement of depth using the Engis X50 microscope?

A
  1. Near the indentation, draw a chinegraph line
  2. Place the microscope over this line and adjust the focus ring until edge of the line is in focus
  3. Take a Reading from the engraved scale of the focus ring
  4. Without adjusting, place the microscope over the part of the indentation to be measure
  5. Re-adjust the focus until the bottom of the indentation is in focus
  6. Take a second reading
  7. Subtract the first reading from the second
    Answer is the depth in mm
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19
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
What is used to assess the depth of Crazing on a transparency?

A

Millimetre graph paper, a X10 magnifying glass and a suitable light source

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20
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
After a surface chip occurs, what is a reasonable indication of internal splitting?

A

A whitened area

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21
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
What are the measurements for a negligible chip?

A

Less than 1mm in diameter

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22
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
What a re the measurements for a minor surface chip?

A

Less than 1mm in depth
Not exceeding 3mm in width
Not exceeding an area of 25mm squared

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23
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
What is the acceptable size of an edge chip dependant on a transparency?

A

On its location - refer to the Aircraft Document Set

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24
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
What is an approximate visual assessment for distortion on a transparency?

A

Viewing a grid board positioned in front of the transparency

25
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
If moisture enters an area with delamination, what appearance might you see?

A

A ‘cloudy’ look

26
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
What test may be carried out to confirm delamination in doubtful cases?

A

Reflection test by means of a flaw detector using a light beam

27
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
How should a transparency be cleaned?

A

Rinsed off with clean water
Must not be rubbed in any way - produces scratches
Water should be allowed to run down
Allow to air dry if time permits

28
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
How should grease be removed from a transparency?

A

Carefully swabbing the surface with photographic grade cotton wool swabs saturated with Aircraft Transparency Cleaner

29
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
What can be used to wipe water from the surface of a glass transparency?

A

Chamois Leather

30
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
What is used to wie the surfaces of Acrylic transparencies?

A

Micro Mesh

31
Q

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPARENCIES
What precautions should be taken before polishing a transparency?

A
  1. Ensure all dirt has ben cleaned
  2. Only light hand pressure
  3. Renew polish cloth frequently
  4. Avoid accumulation of materials
32
Q

HANDLING AND STORAGE
Where does the most instances of damage to transparencies occur?

A

In transportation or during handling

33
Q

HANDLING AND STORAGE
What precautions can be taken to avoid damage to transparencies?

A
  1. Avoid handling transparencies where possible
  2. Do not lean on them
  3. Do not place tools on them
  4. Do not pull covers over them - lift and place them on
  5. Due not remove protective paper until the last moment
  6. Always rest transparencies on suitable padded supports
  7. Ensure electrical components of systems are protected from accidental damage
34
Q

HANDLING AND STORAGE
How should transparencies be stored?

A

Cool, dry and well-ventilated environment
In their original packaging
Keep away from harmful vapours or abrasive materials

35
Q

DAMAGE TO TRANSPARENCIES
What are the 5 main factors of physical damage to transparencies?

A
  1. Contact with a hard object
  2. Contact with a rough material e.g clothes/cloth
  3. Contact with dirty hands
  4. Movement of protective covering materials
  5. Contact with abrasive materials
36
Q

DAMAGE TO TRANSPARENCIES
State the 6 main damages on transparencies..

A
  1. Physical damage
  2. Crazy
  3. Delamination
  4. Cracks
  5. Bubbling
  6. Discolouration
37
Q

DAMAGE TO TRANSPARENCIES
TRUE OR FALSE; As a last resort, you can check the surface temperature of a grazed transparency with a bare hand

Explain your answer..

A

FALSE
a lethal voltage may be present on the heating film or grid

38
Q

DAMAGE TO TRANSPARENCIES
What is the usual cause of bubbling in a transparency?

A

Due to overheating conditions

39
Q

DAMAGE TO TRANSPARENCIES
What colour discolouration should be classified as a possible defect?

A

Black or Brown

40
Q

TRANSPARENCY REPAIRS
What are the three grades of scratches found on a glass transparency?

A

Superficial
Moderate
Deep

41
Q

TRANSPARENCY REPAIRS
Which grade of scratches are acceptable in glass transparencies subject to aircrew approval, but can be removed on plastic transparencies?

A

Superficial
Moderate

42
Q

TRANSPARENCY REPAIRS
What can Deep Scratches lead to in glass transparencies? What is the usual recommended procedure?

A

Cause the propagation of crack
Recommended to replace the transparency

43
Q

TRANSPARENCY REPAIRS
State the repair procedure for ABRASIONS..

A

The same as superficial or moderate scratches
Glass: up to the aircraft crew
Plastic: can be removed using the approved plastic polishing procedure

44
Q

TRANSPARENCY REPAIRS
State the repair procedure for CRAZING..

A

Minor is acceptable in certain areas
Must be monitored periodically and initial cause investigated
Plastic transparencies: removed using the appropriate procedures

45
Q

TRANSPARENCY REPAIRS
State the repair procedure for GOUGES..

A

If a gouge exceeds limits, the price must be replaced, otherwise it is subject to the aircrew approval

46
Q

TRANSPARENCY REPAIRS
State the repair procedure for SURFACE CHIPS..

A

Acceptable as long as they don’t interfere with the pilots view
If the chip exceeds 1mm in depth or internal splitting is evident, it must be replaced

47
Q

TRANSPARENCY REPAIRS
State the repair procedure for EDGE CHIPS..

A

If the chip exceeds 2mm in depth or limits, it must be replaced

48
Q

TRANSPARENCY REPAIRS
State the repair procedure for DISTORTION..

A

A forward windscreen or centre panel that distorts images must be replaced

49
Q

TRANSPARENCY REPAIRS
State the repair procedure for DELAMINATION..

A

Consult ADS regarding limits. If it exceeds, you must replace

50
Q

TRANSPARENCY REPAIRS
State the repair procedure for HEATING DEVICE FAILURE..

A

Failure can affect the structural integrity of a windscreen
Must be replaced if the reduced operational capability becomes unacceptable

51
Q

REMOVAL OF NEGLIGIBLE DAMAGE
When no limits are given, what procedure should be used on a transparency?
9 STEPS

A
  1. Remove the transparency and support in a suitable padded jig
  2. Mark out limits using a soft chinagraph pencil in a rectangular shape - draw an additional 2 getting progressively bigger
  3. Clean surface of area 1 using 2400 grade abrasive material wrapped around a suitable foam rubber block. Polish scratch and defect using a straight line motion until damage removed
  4. Clean surface using copious amount of water
  5. Repeat step 3 with 3600 grade abrasive material but at a 90 degree offset to first polish
  6. Repeat step 4 with a 4000 grade abrasive material then the third area with 8000 grade
  7. Clean the surface, blot dry and polish
  8. Re-insect transparency
  9. Re-install the ransparency
52
Q

REMOVAL OF NEGLIGIBLE DAMAGE
What grades of abrasive material are used in the removal of negligible damage on a transparency?

A

2400
3600
4000
8000

53
Q

TRANSPARENCY REPAIRS
Which document is always used in favour of the other?
Aircraft Document Set
Aircraft Transparencies and Associated Equipment General and Technical Information

A

ADS ALWAYS used in favour of generic procedures in Aircraft Transparencies and Associated Equipment General and Technical Information

54
Q

TRANSPARENCY REPAIRS
What are the 3 procedures contained on the Lynx Topic 6 to repair transparent plastic panels?

A
  1. To repair a small score, scratch or a crack
  2. Apply an external patch
  3. Apply an insertion patch
55
Q

GLAZING AND SEALING COMPOUNDS
What two sealants are in common use on military aircraft?

A
  1. Polysulphide Sealants
  2. Silicones
56
Q

GLAZING AND SEALING COMPOUNDS
What is the wide temperature range Polysulphide sealants can be used?

A

Range of -55 to +120 degrees centigrade

57
Q

GLAZING AND SEALING COMPOUNDS
Why are non-curing types of sealants often found in integrated fuel tanks?

A

They will swell on contact with fuel, producing a tighter seal

58
Q

GLAZING AND SEALING COMPOUNDS
What sealants come in a range of curing and non-curing fuel and oil resistant compounds?

A

Fluorosilicone sealants

AIRFRAME REPAIR (13 decks)

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