Chapter 2- The Triumph Of Reaction- The Reign Of Alexander III Flashcards

0
Q

When was Alexander II assassinated?

A

13th march 1881

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1
Q

What period of time was Alexander III’s reign?

A

1881-1894

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2
Q

Who was responsible for the assassination of Alexander II?

A

The peoples will

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3
Q

What was Alexander II doing when he was assassinated?

A

He was on his way to sign a law which would have given Russia its first National Assembly.

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4
Q

How much of the population did Russians make up at the beginning of Alexander IIIs rule?

A

50%

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5
Q

What were the views of ‘westerners’?

A

They believed Russia should reform to become more like western and Central Europe- reforming autocracy and allowing an elective parliament.

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6
Q

What were the views of slavophiles?

A

They wanted Russia to remain close with its routes, they believed that it was the autocracy of the Tsar that held the empire together.

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7
Q

When was the peasant land bank created?

A

1884

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8
Q

When were primary schools placed under church control?

A

1884

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9
Q

In 1887, an assassination attempt was made on Alexander III by which terrorist group?

A

The peoples will

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10
Q

When were the peoples will formed?

A

1879

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11
Q

What percentage of the Russian population were members of the Ruling class in the 1897 census?

A

0.5%

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12
Q

What percentage of the population were peasants according to the 1897 census?

A

82%

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13
Q

What percentage of the population were the industrial working class in the 1897 census?

A

4%

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14
Q

Who were the ‘liberal ministers’ that were made to leave Alexander III’s office?

A

M.T Loris-Melikov and N.P Ignatiev

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15
Q

Who replaced the liberal ministers in Alexander III’s office?

A

Konstantin Pobedonstsev

16
Q

Who wrote Alexander III’s manifesto and when was it published?

A

Pobedonstsev, the end of April 1881

17
Q

What did Alexander III’s manifesto declare?

A

Absolute political power resided in the tsar.

18
Q

What did the statute of state security do?

A

Allowed government controlled courts to try government opponents, without the need of a jury.

19
Q

How many newspapers were banned from 1892-1889 for being too liberal?

A

14

20
Q

Who censured foreign books and newspapers? Why?

A

The Okhrana, to stop ideas like democracy and parliamentary government reaching the Russian people

21
Q

What happened to universities in 1884?

A

They lost their self government

22
Q

Why were universities forced to close in 1889?

A

There were student demonstrations against government control

23
Q

What did the government replace the justices of peace with in 1889?

A

Land captains.

24
Q

Who appointed the land captains?

A

The minister of the interior

25
Q

Education was restricted so that who could not have the opportunity to go to secondary school?

A

Sons of peasants and workers

26
Q

From what year did the government exercise the right to choose juries?

A

1890

27
Q

In what year was Russian made the official language for the whole of the Russian empire?

A

1885

28
Q

Where were Jewish people forced to live?

A

In the Pale of Settlement

29
Q

What is the term for violent attacks aimed specifically at Jews?

A

Pogroms

30
Q

Who was Russia’s first finance minister?

A

Nikolai Bunge

31
Q

Who introduced the peasant land bank?

A

Bunge

32
Q

What happened to taxes in 1882?

A

The tax burden was reduced for peasants

33
Q

When did Bunge resign?

A

1887

34
Q

Who replaced Bunge?

A

Ivan Vyshnegradsky

35
Q

What did Vyshnegradsky do in 1889 to try and take the pressure off of the demand for land?

A

Offered cash incentives for peasants to move to the eastern lands of Siberia

36
Q

When did Alexander III die and what of?

A

October 1894, aged 49 of kidney disease

37
Q

Who replaced Alexander III?

A

Nicholas II

38
Q

What time period did Nicholas II rule over?

A

1894-1917