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HIM 103 - Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 - The Body in Health and Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - The Body in Health and Disease Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ana-

A

apart; excessive

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2
Q

tom/o-

A

cut; layer; slice

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3
Q

-ical

A

pertaining to

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4
Q

coron/o-

A

structure that encircles like a crown

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5
Q

front/o-

A

front

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6
Q

anter/o-

A

before; front part

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7
Q

ventr/o-

A

abdomen; front

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8
Q

poster/o-

A

back part

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9
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

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10
Q

sagitt/o-

A

front to back

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11
Q

mid-

A

middle

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12
Q

medi/o-

A

middle

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13
Q

later/o-

A

side

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14
Q

-verse

A

travel; turn

* the ending -verse contains the combining form vers/o- and the one-letter suffix -e

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15
Q

super/o-

A

above

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16
Q

infer/o-

A

below

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17
Q

cephal/o-

A

head

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18
Q

-ad

A

in the direction of; toward

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19
Q

caud/o-

A

tail bone

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20
Q

dist/o-

A

away from the center; away from the point of origin

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21
Q

proxim/o-

A

near the center; near the point of origin

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22
Q

extern/o-

A

outside

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23
Q

intern/o-

A

inside

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24
Q

cav/o-

A

hollow space

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25
Q

-ity

A

condition; state

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26
Q

crani/o-

A

cranium; skull

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27
Q

spin/o-

A

backbone; spine

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28
Q

thorac/o-

A

chest; thorax

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29
Q

abdomin/o-

A

abdomen

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30
Q

pelv/o-

A

hip bone; pelvis; renal pelvis

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31
Q

viscer/o-

A

large internal organs

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32
Q

-ant

A

pertaining to

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33
Q

chondr/o-

A

cartilage

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34
Q

lumb/o-

A

area between the ribs and pelvis; lower back

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35
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

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36
Q

umbilic/o-

A

navel; umbilicus

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37
Q

physi/o-

A

physical function

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38
Q

cellul/o-

A

cell

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39
Q

cyt/o-

A

cell

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40
Q

-plasm

A

formed substance; growth

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41
Q

organ/o-

A

organ

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42
Q

-elle

A

small thing

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43
Q

plasm/o-

A

plasma

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44
Q

lys/o-

A

break down; destroy

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45
Q

-some

A

body

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46
Q

kary/o-

A

nucleus of a cell

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47
Q

nucle/o-

A

nucleus of an atom; nucleus of a cell

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48
Q

gene/o-

A

gene

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49
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

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50
Q

rib/o-

A

ribonucleic acid

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51
Q

mit/o-

A

thread-like structure

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52
Q

-osis

A

condition; process

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53
Q

micr/o-

A

one millionth; small

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54
Q

scop/o-

A

examine w/ an instrument

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55
Q

macr/o-

A

large

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56
Q

spir/o-

A

breathe; coil

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57
Q

-atory

A

pertaining to

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58
Q

vascul/o-

A

blood vessel

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59
Q

hemat/o-

A

blood

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60
Q

immun/o-

A

immune response

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61
Q

lymph/o-

A

lymph; lymphatic system

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62
Q

-atic

A

pertaining to

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63
Q

demat/o-

A

skin

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64
Q

integument/o-

A

skin

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65
Q

orth/o-

A

straight

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66
Q

ped/o-

A

child

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67
Q

skelet/o-

A

skeleton

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68
Q

muscul/o-

A

muscle

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69
Q

nerv/o-

A

nerve

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70
Q

ur/o-

A

urinary system; urine

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71
Q

product/o-

A

produce

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72
Q

genit/o-

A

genitalia

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73
Q

gynec/o-

A

female; woman

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74
Q

obstetr/o-

A

pregnancy and childbirth

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75
Q

crin/o-

A

secrete

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76
Q

ophthalm/o-

A

eye

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77
Q

ot/o-

A

ear

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78
Q

onc/o-

A

mass; tumor

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79
Q

radi/o-

A

forearm bone; radiation; x-rays

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80
Q

medic/o-

A

medicine; physician

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81
Q

dent/o-

A

tooth

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82
Q

-istry

A

process related to a specialty

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83
Q

dietet/o-

A

diet; foods

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84
Q

pharmac/o-

A

drug; medicine

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85
Q

ne/o-

A

new

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86
Q

nat/o-

A

birth

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87
Q

iatr/o-

A

medical treatment; physician

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88
Q

ger/o-

A

old age

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89
Q

dors/o-

A

back; dorsum

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90
Q

inguin/o-

A

groin

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91
Q

prevent/o-

A

prevent

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92
Q

eti/o-

A

cause of disease

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93
Q

congenit/o-

A

present at birth

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94
Q

de-

A

reversal of; without

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95
Q

gener/o-

A

creation; production

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96
Q

-ative

A

pertaining to

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97
Q

heredit/o-

A

genetic inheritance

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98
Q

infect/o-

A

disease within

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99
Q

-ious

A

pertaining to

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100
Q

path/o-

A

disease

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101
Q

-gen

A

that which produce

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102
Q

communic/o-

A

impart; transmit

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103
Q

-able

A

able to be

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104
Q

plast/o-

A

formation; growth

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105
Q

nosocomi/o-

A

hospital

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106
Q

nutrit/o-

A

nourishment

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107
Q

symptomat/o-

A

collection of symptoms

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108
Q

syn-

A

together

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109
Q

-drome

A

running

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110
Q

chron/o-

A

time

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111
Q

exacerb/o-

A

increase; provoke

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112
Q

-ation

A

being; having; process

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113
Q

remiss/o-

A

send back

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114
Q

therapeut/o-

A

therapy; treatment

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115
Q

fract/o-

A

bend; break up

116
Q

surg/o-

A

operative procedure

117
Q

-ery

A

process

118
Q

pro-

A

before

119
Q

gnos/o-

A

knowledge

120
Q

-osis

A

condition; process

121
Q

recuper/o-

A

recover

122
Q

termin/o-

A

boundary; end; word

123
Q

inspect/o-

A

looking at

124
Q

palpat/o-

A

feeling; touching

125
Q

auscult/o-

A

listening

126
Q

percuss/o-

A

tapping

127
Q

dia-

A

complete; completely through

128
Q

-ician

A

skilled expert; skilled professional

129
Q

-eon

A

person who performs

130
Q

techn/o-

A

technical skill

131
Q

log/o-

A

study of; word

132
Q

therap/o-

A

treatment

133
Q

ancill/o-

A

accessory; servant

134
Q

ambulat/o-

A

walking

135
Q

-ory

A

having the function of

136
Q

habilitat/o-

A

give ability

137
Q

palliat/o-

A

reduce the severity

138
Q

A&P

A

anatomy and physiology

139
Q

AP

A

anteroposterior

140
Q

ASC

A

ambulatory surgery center

141
Q

CNM

A

certified nurse midwife

142
Q

CRNA

A

certified registered nurse anesthetist

143
Q

CV

A

cardiovascular

144
Q

D.C.

A

Doctor of Chiropracty

145
Q

D.D.S.

A

Doctor of Dental Surgery

146
Q

D.O.

A

Doctor of Osteopathy

147
Q

D.P.M.

A

Doctor of Podiatry

148
Q

Dr.

A

doctor

149
Q

DX, Dx

A

Diagnosis

150
Q

ED

A

Emergency Department

151
Q

ENT

A

ear, nose, and throat

152
Q

ER

A

Emergency Room

153
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

154
Q

GYN

A

gynecology

155
Q

H&P

A

History and Physical (examination)

156
Q

HX, Hx

A

History

157
Q

ICU

A

Intensive Care Unit

158
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

159
Q

LPN

A

licensed practical nurse

160
Q

LUQ

A

lower upper quadrant

161
Q

LVN

A

licensed vocational nurse

162
Q

M.D.

A

Doctor of Medicine

163
Q

NP

A

nurse practitioner

164
Q

OB

A

obstetrics

165
Q

OB/GYN

A

obstetrics and gynecology

166
Q

O.D.

A

Doctor of Optometry

167
Q

PA

A

physician assistant

168
Q

PCP

A

primary care physician

169
Q

PE

A

physical examination

170
Q

Pharm. D.

A

Doctor of Pharmacy

171
Q

PT

A

physical therapy

172
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

173
Q

RN

A

registered nurse

174
Q

R/O

A

rule out

175
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

176
Q

SNF

A

skilled nursing facility

177
Q

Sx

A

symptoms

178
Q

Tx

A

treatment

179
Q

Seven Different Ways to Study the Body

A
  • Body planes & body directions
  • Body cavities
  • Body quadrants & regions
  • Anatomy & physiology
  • Microscopic to macroscopic
  • Body systems
  • Medical Specialties
180
Q

plane

A

imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two parts

181
Q

3 Body Planes

A

Coronal (frontal), sagittal, and transverse

182
Q

Vertical plane that divides the body into front and back sections

A

Coronal (frontal) plane

183
Q

Vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sections

A

Sagittal plane

184
Q

Horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections

A

Transverse plane

185
Q

Coronal plane is named after what?

A

The coronal suture in the cranium

186
Q

Sagittal plane is named after what?

A

The sagittal suture in the cranium

187
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Occurs when the sagittal plane divides the body at the midline into two equal left and right sections

188
Q

Front of the body is the?

A

Anterior or ventral section

189
Q

Back of the body is the?

A

Posterior or dorsal section

190
Q

Lying down with the anterior section of the body down is what position?

A

Prone position

191
Q

Lying down with the posterior section of the body down is what position?

A

Supine or dorsal position

192
Q

Moving from the side of the body towards the midline is to move in what direction?

A

Medial direction

193
Q

Moving from the midline towards the side of te body is to move in what direction?

A

Lateral direction (bilateral indicates both sides)

194
Q

When split by a transverse plane: what is the upper half of the body called?

A

Superior section

195
Q

When split by a transverse plane: what is the lower half of the body called?

A

Inferior section

196
Q

Moving toward the head is to move in what direction?

A

Superior or cephalad direction

197
Q

Moving toward the tailbone is to move in what direction?

A

Inferior or caudad direction

198
Q

Moving from the trunk to the end of a limb is to move in what direction?

A

Distal direction

199
Q

Moving from the end of a limb to the trunk is to move in what direction?

A

Proximal direction

200
Q

Structures on the surface of the body are?

A

External/superficial

201
Q

Structures below the surface of the body are?

A

Internal/deep

202
Q

Hollow space surrounded by bones or muscle

A

Cavity

203
Q

Lies within and is protected by the cranium

A

Cranial cavity

204
Q

A continuation of the cranial cavity as it travels down the midline of the back; lies within and is protected by the vertebrae

A

Spinal cavity/spinal cord

205
Q

Lies within the chest and is protected by the sternum anteriorly, the vertebrae posteriorly, and the ribs bilaterally; contains the lungs

A

Thoracic cavity

206
Q

Inferior border of the thoracic cavity

A

Diaphragm

207
Q

Lies within the abdomen and is protected anteriorly by the abdominal wall and posteriorly by the vertebrae

A

Abdominal cavity

208
Q

A continuation of the abdominal cavity and is surrounded by the pelvic bones anteriorly and bilaterally and the vertebrae posteriorly

A

Pelvic cavity

209
Q

The anterior surface of the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into what? (2 things)

A

4 quadrants or 9 regions

210
Q

What are the four quadrants the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into? Include abbreviations.

A
  • Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
  • Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
  • Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
  • Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
211
Q

What are the nine regions the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into? List them in order (top to bottom, left to right)

A
  • Right hypochondriac region
  • Epigastric
  • Left hypochondriac region
  • Right lumbar region
  • Umbilical region
  • Left lumbar region
  • Right inguinal region
  • Hypogastric
  • Left inguinal region
212
Q

Study of the structures of the body

A

Anatomy

213
Q

Study of the functions of the structs of the body

A

Physiology

214
Q

Small parts that make up the body

A

Cells

215
Q

Cells combine to form what?

A

Tissues

216
Q

Tissues combine to form what?

A

Organs

217
Q

Gel-like substance found within a cell?

A

Cytoplasm

218
Q

Parts of a cell are called?

A

Organelles

219
Q

Cell division

A

Mitosis

220
Q

Organs combine to form what?

A

Organ system/body system

221
Q

14 Body Systems

A
  • Gastrointestinal System
  • Respiratory System
  • Cardiovascular System
  • Blood
  • Skeletal System
  • Muscular System
  • Lymphatic System
  • Eyes
  • Ear, Nose, and Throat System
  • Reproductive (Male and Female) Systems
  • Nervous System
  • Urinary System
  • Endocrine System
  • Integumentary System
222
Q

Medical specialty and specialist for the gastrointestinal system

A

Gastroenterology; gastroenterologist

223
Q

Medical specialty and specialist for the respiratory system

A

Pulmonology; pulmonologist

224
Q

Medical specialty and specialist for the cardiovascular system

A

Cardiology; cardiologist

225
Q

Medical specialty and specialist for the blood system (lol)

A

Hematology; hematologist

226
Q

Medical specialty and specialist for the blood plus lymphatic system

A

Immunology; immunologist

227
Q

Medical specialty and specialist for the integumentary system

A

Dermatology; dermatologist

228
Q

Medical specialty and specialist for the endocrine system

A

Endocrinology; endocrinologist

229
Q

Medical specialty and specialist for the eyes

A

Ophthalmology; ophthalmologist

230
Q

Medical specialty and specialist for the ear, nose, and throat

A

Otolaryngology; otolaryngologist

231
Q

Medical specialty and specialist for the skeletal system

A

Orthopedics; orthopedist

232
Q

Medical specialty and specialist for the nervous system

A

Neurology; neurologist

233
Q

Medical specialty and specialist for the urinary system

A

Urology; urologist

234
Q

Medical specialty and specialist for the male reproductive system

A

Male reproductive system; reproductive specialist

235
Q

Medical specialties and specialists for the female reproductive system

A

Gynecology and obstetrics; gynecologist and obstetrician

236
Q

Healthcare specialty that focuses on keeping a person healthy and preventing disease

A

Preventative medicine

237
Q

Any change in the normal structure and function of the body

A

Disease

238
Q

Study of the cause or origin of a disease

A

Etiology

239
Q

List the 11 disease categories

A
  • Congenital
  • Genetic
  • Degenerative
  • Environmental
  • Nosocomial
  • Nutritional
  • Hereditary
  • Neoplastic
  • Iatrogenic
  • Idiopathic
  • Infectious
240
Q

Caused by an abnormality in the fetus as it develops or caused by an abnormal process that occurs during gestation/birth

A

Congenital

241
Q

Caused by the progressive destruction of cells due to disease or the aging process

A

Degenerative

242
Q

Caused by exposure to external substances in the environment

A

Environmental

243
Q

Spontaneous mutation in a person’s own gene and chromosome during fetal development

A

Genetic

244
Q

Inherited recessive defective gene passed to the child from a parent who carries the defective gene but does not have the disease

A

Hereditary

245
Q

Caused by medicine/medical treatment given to the patient

A

Iatrogenic

246
Q

Having no identifiable/confirmed cause

A

Idiopathic

247
Q

Caused by a pathogen

A

Infectious

248
Q

An infectious disease that is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with an infected person, animal, or insect

A

Communicable disease

249
Q

Caused by new growth of either a benign or malignant mass/tumor

A

Neoplastic

250
Q

Caused by exposure to a disease-causing agent while in a hospital environment

A

Nosocomial

251
Q

Caused by a lack of nutritional food, insufficient amounts of food, or an inability to utilize the nutrients in food

A

Nutritional

252
Q

Deviation from health that is experienced/felt by the patient

A

Symptom

253
Q

Symptom that is visible or detectable by others

A

Sign

254
Q

Clinical picture of all the patient’s symptoms and signs

A

Symptomatology

255
Q

Set of symptoms and signs associated with and characteristic of one particular disease

A

Syndrome

256
Q

A patient who shows no symptoms or signs is said to be

A

Asymptomatic

257
Q

Symptom that is sudden in nature and severe in intensity

A

Acute

258
Q

Symptom that is sudden but less severe in intensity

A

Subacute

259
Q

Symptom that continues for 3 months or more

A

Chronic

260
Q

Sudden worsening in the severity of symptoms/signs

A

Exacerbation

261
Q

Temporary improvement in sypmtoms/signs without the underlying disease being cured

A

Remission

262
Q

Return of the original symptoms/signs of a disease

A

Relapse/recurrence

263
Q

Abnormal condition or complication that arises because of the original disease and remains after the original disease has been resolved

A

Sequela

264
Q

A treatment is called _______ if the symptoms/signs of the disease disappear

A

Therapeutic

265
Q

A disease that is ______ is one that does not respond to treatment

A

Refractory (resistant)

266
Q

Predicted outcome of the disease

A

Prognosis

267
Q

The course of a disease ends in one of the following outcomes

A
  • Recuperation/recovery
  • Disability
  • Terminal illness
268
Q

Techniques used in a physical examination

A
  • Inspection
  • Palpation
  • Percussion
  • Auscultation
269
Q

Using eyes or an instrument to examine external surfaces and internal cavities

A

Inspection

270
Q

Using fingers to feel masses or enlarged organs or to detect tenderness/pain

A

Palpation

271
Q

Using the finger of one hand to tap on the finger of the other hand that is spread over a body cavity

A

Percussion

272
Q

Using a stethoscope to listen to the heart, lungs, or intestines

A

Auscultation

273
Q

Leader of the healthcare team; examines patients, orders tests, diagnosis diagnoses, and treats diseases via drugs/therapy

A

Physician

274
Q

Healthcare professionals that work under the supervision of a physician or doctor to examine, diagnose, and treat patients

A

Physician Extenders

275
Q

Examples of physician extenders

A
  • Physician’s Assistant
  • Nurse Practitioner
  • Certified Nurse Midwife
  • Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist
276
Q

Nurses examine patients, make nursing diagnoses, and administer treatments/drugs ordered by the physician; give hands on care and focus on the physical/emotional needs of the patient and family

A

Allied Health Professionals

277
Q

Examples of allied health professionals (other than nurses)

A
  • Technologists
  • Technicians
  • Dietitians
  • Therapists
  • Medical assistants
  • Phlebotomists
  • Dental hygienists
  • Audiologists
278
Q

Traditional healthcare setting for providing care for patients who are acutely ill and require medical/surgical care for longer than 24 hours

A

Hospital

279
Q

Patient in a hospital

A

Inpatient

280
Q

One of the most frequently used healthcare settings; a single physician, or group of physicians, maintains an office where patients are seen, diagnosed, treated, and counceled

A

Physician’s Office

281
Q

Provides healthcare services similar to a physician’s office but for one type of patient or type of disease

A

Clinic

282
Q

Facility where minor surgery is performed and the patient does not stay overnight

A

Ambulatory Surgery Center

283
Q

Primarily a residential facility for older patients or those with disabilities (residents) who are unable to care for themselves; 4 hour nursing care

A

Long-term Care Facility

284
Q

Type of LTC facility that provides high level of medical/nursing care for patients recently discharged from the hospital

A

Skilled Nursing Facility

285
Q

Provides range of healthcare services to patients (known as clients) in their homes when they are unable to come to a physician’s office or clinic and do not want to live in an LTC facility

A

Home Health Agency

286
Q

Inpatient facility for patients who are dying from a terminal illness; their physicians have certified that they have less than 6 months to live

A

Hospice

HIM 103 - Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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