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HLTH 210 > Chapter 2 terms > Flashcards

Chapter 2 terms Flashcards

1
Q

Acute

A

Having a rapid and severe onset, then quickly subsiding.

Brief.

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2
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

The type of protection from disease that develops throughout a lifetime as a person is exposed to diseases or immunized against them.

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3
Q

AIDS

A

A disease of the immune system caused my infection with HIV.

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4
Q

Antibodies

A

A type of protein found in blood or other bodily fluids; used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses.

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5
Q

Bacteria

A

One-celled organisms that can cause infection; a common type of pathogen.

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6
Q

Biohazard

A

A biological agent that presents a hazard to the health or well-being of those exposed.

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7
Q

Bloodborne

A

Used to describe a substance carried in the blood (e.g., bloodborne pathogens are pathogens carried through the blood).

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8
Q

Bloodborne pathogents

A

Germs that may be present in human blood or other body fluids that can cause disease in humans.
EX bacteria and viruses

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9
Q

Body Substance Isolation (BSI) precaution

A

Protective measures to prevent exposure to communicable diseases; defines all bodily fluids and substances as infectious.

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10
Q

Chronic

A

Persistent over a long period of time.

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11
Q

Critical Incident Stress

A

Stress triggered by involvement in a serious or traumatic incident.

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12
Q

Debriefing

A

A method of helping people cope with exposure to serious of traumatic events by discussing the emotional impact of the event.

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13
Q

Defusing

A

Similar to debriefing but shorter and less formal; a method of discussing a serious or traumatic event soon afterward; done to help people cope.

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14
Q

Direct Contact

A

Mode of transmission of pathogens that occurs through directly touching infected blood or body fluid, or other agents such as chemicals, drugs or toxins.

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15
Q

Disease-causing agent

A

A pathogen or germ that can cause disease or illness (e.g., a bacterium

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16
Q

Droplet transmission

A

Mode of transmission of pathogens that occurs when a person inhales droplets from an infected person’s cough or sneeze; AKA respiratory droplet transmission.

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17
Q

Engineering controls

A

Control measures that eliminate, isolate or remove a hazard from the workplace; things used in the workplace to help reduce the risk of an exposure.

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18
Q

Exposure

A

An instance in which someone is exposed to a pathogen or has contact with blood of body fluids or objects in the environment that contain disease-causing agents.

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19
Q

Exposure control plan

A

Plan in the workplace that outlines the employer’s protective measures to eliminate or minimize employee exposure incidents.

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20
Q

Hepatitis

A

An inflammation of the liver most commonly caused by viral infection; types include A, B, C, D, and E.

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21
Q

HIV

A

A virus that weakens the body’s immune system, leading to life-threatening infections; causes AIDS.

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22
Q

Homeostasis

A

A constant state of balance or well-being of the body’s internal systems that is continually and automatically adjusted.

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23
Q

Immune System

A

The body’s complex group of body systems that is responsible for fighting disease.

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24
Q

Indirect contact

A

Mode of transmission of a disease caused by touching of a contaminated object.

25
Q

Infection

A

A condition caused by disease-producing microorganisms, called pathogens or germs, in the body

26
Q

Infectious disease

A

disease caused by the invasion of the body by a pathogen - bacterium virus, fungus or parasite.

27
Q

Innate immunity

A

The type of protection from disease with which humans are born.
Also refers to the natural barriers that our body has - skin and mucous membranes.

28
Q

Lividity

A

Purplish color in the lowest-lying parts of a recently dead body, caused by pooling of blood.

29
Q

Meningitis

A

A inflammation of the meninges, the thin/protective coverings over the brain and spinal cord, caused by virus or bacteria.

30
Q

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

A

A Staph bacterium that can cause infection; difficult to treat because of its resistance to many antibiotics.

31
Q

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB)

A

A type of tuberculosis that is resistant to some of the most effective anti-TB drugs.

32
Q

Neeldestick

A

A penetrating would from a needle or other sharp object; may result in exposure to pathogens through contact with blood or other body fluids.

33
Q

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

A

Federal Agency whose role is to promote the safety and health of American workers by setting an enforcing standards; providing training, outreach and education; establishing partnerships; and encouraging continual process improvement in workplace safety and health.

34
Q

Opportunistic Infections

A

Infections that strike people whose immune systems are weakened.

35
Q

Pandemic Influenza

A

A respiratory illness caused by virulent human influenza A virus; spreads easily and sustainabily and can cause global outbreaks of serious illness in humans.

36
Q

Passive Immunity

A

The type of immunity gained from external sources such as from a mother’s breast milk to an infant.

37
Q

Pathogen

A

A term used to describe a germ; a disease-causing agent (e.g., bacterium or virus).

38
Q

Personal Protective Equipment

A

PPE
Al specialized clothing, equipment and supplies that keep the user from directly contacting infected materials; includes gloved, gowns, masks, shields and protective eyewear.

39
Q

Severe acute repiratory symdrome (SARS)

A

A viral respiratory illness causes by the SARS-assosciated coronavirus (SARS-CoV).

40
Q

Standard precautions

A

Safety measures, including BSI and universal precautions, taken to prevent occupational-risk exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials; assumes that all body fluids, secretions and excretions (except sweat) are potentially dangerous.

41
Q

Stress

A

The body’s normal response to any situation that changes a person’s existing mental, physical or emotional balance.

42
Q

Sudden death

A

An unexpected, natural death; usually used to describe death from a sudden cardiac event.

43
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

A bacterial infection that usually attacks the lungs.

44
Q

Universal precautions

A

A set of precautions designed to prevent transmission of HIV, hepatitis B and other bloodborne pathogens when providing care; considers blood and certain body fluids of all patients potentially infectious.

45
Q

Vector-borne transmission

A

Transmission of a pathogen that occurs when an infectious source, such as an animal or insect bite or sting, penetrates the body’s skin.

46
Q

Virus

A

A common type of pathogen that depends on other organisms to live and reproduce; can be difficult to kill.

47
Q

Work practice controls

A

Control measures that reduce the likelihood of exposure by changing the way the task is carried out.

48
Q

Diseases and conditions of VIRUSES

A

Hepatitis, measles, mumps, chicken pox, meningitis, rubella, influenza, warts, colds, herpes, HIV, genital warts, smallpox, Avian flu.

49
Q

Diseases and conditions of BACTERIA

A

Tetanus, meningitis, scarlet fever, strep throat, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, toxic shock syndrome, Legionnaires’ disease, diphtheria, food poisoning, lyme disease, anthrax

50
Q

Diseases and conditions of FUNGI

A

Athlete’s foot, ringworm, histoplasmosis.

51
Q

Diseases and conditions of PROTOZA

A

Malaria, dysentery, cyclspora, giadiasis

52
Q

Diseases and conditions of RICKETTSIA

A

Typhus, Rocky mountain spotted fever

53
Q

Diseases and conditions of PARASITIC WORMS

A

Abdominal pain, anemia, lymphatic vessel blockage, lowered antibody response, respiratory and circulatory complications

54
Q

Diseases and conditions of PRIONS

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease)

55
Q

Diseases and conditions of YEASTS

A

Candidiasis (AKA thrush)

56
Q

The four conditions that must be met in order for a disease to spread

A
  1. Present - a pathogen must be present
  2. Quantity - a sufficient amount of the pathogen must be present
  3. Entry site - the pathogen must pass through the correct entry site.
  4. Susceptible - a person must be susceptible to the pathogen
57
Q

Hepatitis B - how is it transmitted?

A

Direct and indirect contact

Blood, semen

58
Q

Hepatitis C

A

Direct and indirect contact

Blood, semen

59
Q

HIV

A

Direct and possibly indirect contact

Blood, semen, vaginal fluid.

HLTH 210 (30 decks)

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