Chapter 2: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

Heavily tested receptors

Answer 1

Question 2

Three kinds of thresholds

Answer 2

Absolute threshold
Threshold of conscious perception
Difference threshold

Question 3

Subliminal

Answer 3

Question 4

Difference threshold and percentages

Answer 4

Question 5

Concept check 2.1

Answer 5

Question 6

Anatomy of the eye

Answer 6

Question 7

Cells of the retina

Answer 7

Light comes in, passes the ganglion and bipolar cells, hits the rods and cones, which send a neuronal signal back the other way through the horizontal cells, bipolar cells, ganglion, optic nerve fiber, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the thalamus (which acts as a relay station), then to the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe.

Question 8

Visual pathways

Answer 8

Question 9

Temporal and nasal visual field mnemonic

Question 10

Optic chiasm and optic tracts

Answer 10

Question 11

Post optic chiasm information processing

Answer 11

Question 12

Parallel processing, spatial and temporal resolution, magnocellular cells, stop sign example at the bottom.

Answer 12

Question 13

Concept check 2.2 questions 1,2,3

Answer 13

Question 14

Concept check 2.2 question 4

Answer 14

Question 15

Anatomy of ear

Answer 15

Question 16

Membranous and bony labyrinth of the inner ear

Answer 16

Question 17

Cochlea

Answer 17

Question 18

Lateral and medial geniculate nucleus

Answer 18

Question 19

Vestibule and otoliths

Answer 19

Question 20

Semicircular canals and ampulla

Draw it or put an image on this card.

Answer 20

The vestibule and semicircular canals are both parts of the inner ear’s vestibular system, which is responsible for balance and spatial orientation. The vestibule houses the utricle and saccule, which detect head position and linear acceleration, while the three semicircular canals detect rotational head movements.

Question 21

Hair cells and the perception of sound with place theory

Answer 21

The basilar membrane vibrates causing the hairs (STEREOCILIA) to move which opens ion gates causing a depolarization and thus a neuronal signal, perceived as sound in our brain mind.

Question 22

Concept check 2.3

Draw stuff.

Answer 22

Question 23

Somatosensation (5 types)

Answer 23

Question 24

Nocireceptors and the gate theory of pain

Answer 24

Question 25

Concept check 2.4

Answer 25

Question 26

Bottom up and top down processing

Answer 26

Question 27

Perceptual organization

Answer 27

Question 28

Motion parallax

Answer 28

Question 29

Gestalt principles

Answer 29

The brain constantly uses incomplete information to try to create a complete picture of the environment.

Question 30

Law of pragnanz

Answer 30

Says that perceptual organization will always be as regular, simple, and symmetric as possible.

Question 31

Concept check 2.5

Answer 31

Question 32

Chapter 2 mastery question 1

Answer 32

Question 33

Chapter 2 mastery question 2

Answer 33

Question 34

Chapter 2 mastery question 3

Answer 34

Question 35

Chapter 2 mastery question 4

Answer 35

Question 36

Chapter 2 mastery question 5

Answer 36

Question 37

Chapter 2 mastery question 6

Answer 37

Question 38

Chapter 2 mastery question 7

Answer 38

Question 39

Chapter 2 mastery question 8

Answer 39

Question 40

Chapter 2 mastery question 9

Answer 40

Question 41

Chapter 2 mastery question 10

Answer 41

The cochlea and vestibule are both parts of the inner ear, but they serve different functions. The cochlea is responsible for hearing, while the vestibule is a central chamber within the bony labyrinth that houses the utricle and saccule, which are part of the vestibular system involved in balance and spatial orientation. The bony labyrinth is the outer, hard, bony shell of the inner ear, while the membranous labyrinth is the inner, soft tissue structure within the bony labyrinth. The bony labyrinth contains the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals, which are composed of bone. The membranous labyrinth, on the other hand, is a series of interconnected tubes and chambers containing the sensory receptors for hearing and balance. In the inner ear, endolymph and perilymph are two distinct fluids with different compositions that play crucial roles in hearing and balance. Endolymph, located within the membranous labyrinth, has a high potassium concentration and is similar to intracellular fluid. Perilymph, surrounding the membranous labyrinth within the bony labyrinth, has a high sodium concentration and is similar to extracellular fluid.

Question 42

Chapter 2 mastery question 11

Answer 42

Question 43

Chapter 2 mastery question 12

Answer 43

Question 44

Chapter 2 mastery question 13

Answer 44

Question 45

Chapter 2 mastery question 14

Answer 45

Question 46

Chapter 2 mastery question 15

Answer 46

The optic chiasm is located superior (above) to the pituitary gland approximately 1 cm above the pituitary fossa (where the pituitary sits in the skull). The location of the optic chiasm adjacent the pituitary gland is clinically significant because pituitary tumors may can compress the chiasm, leading to visual field defects. Neato. A trick for this one is to put your finger where the image is coming from and point to where on the eye it hits. Recalling that the information needs to be relayed to the same part of the brain.