Chapter 2 - Rocks

Question 0

What are rocks made up from?

Answer 0

Various minerals and it is held together with cement. Rocks different from there MINERAL CONTENT,COLOUR,TEXTURE AND HARDNESS

Question 1

What is Rock

Answer 1

Rock is a hard material that makes up the crust

Question 2

How many groups are rocks divided into and what are they called

Answer 2

3 and they are igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

Question 3

How are igneous rocks formed ?

Answer 3

They are formed when a volcano erupts, the magma cools either on the surface or within the crust.

Question 4

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 4

These are made from remains of other rocks,animals,plants. These come from the beds of seas and lakes and land too. They are then compressed with cement

Question 5

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 5

Are the rocks that had been changed in shape or form by heat. They are already igneous or sedimentary rocks before being changed

Question 6

Name the two igneous rocks

Answer 6

Granite and basalt

Question 7

Name the two sedimentary rocks

Answer 7

Limestone and sandstone

Question 8

Name the two metamorphic rocks

Answer 8

Quartzite and marble

Question 9

Describe granite

Answer 9

Granite is formed underground the magma forces it way into the crust,cools slowly and large crystals (quartzite) develop and this gives it a rough texture.the colours vary from grey to black to pink and this is used for building industries and gravestones. Examples in Ireland mourne and Wicklow Mts.

Question 10

Describe basalt

Answer 10

Basalt is formed on the surface of the earth and cools quickly which is giving it a smooth texture.the lava reaches the surface at a mid ocean ridge or through volcanic cones. It varies in colour from black, to green to dark grey. Examples giants causeway. Can be used co for pavements

Question 11

Describe limestone

Answer 11

This is formed by collecting remains of plant,animal and rocks on the beds of seas and lakes. They are compressed and cemented together. It is used for monuments and is the raw material for cement.examples are in the burden co.clare. It is also PERMABLE ( allowing water to past through it

Question 12

How was sandstone formed

Answer 12

When large amounts of sand are worn away from the land,it’s on the sea beds and piles into a big pile of sand is compressed into sandstone. Sandstone cane be red to brown. Used as a building material and examples are McGillicuddy reeks and Comeragh and Galtee

Question 13

Describe marble

Answer 13

Marble is made when molten magma forces it’s way into limestone.marble is white but can be red green or black when other minerals are present.when marble is polished it has a smooth texture, used for counter tips and found in cork(red) and rathlin island (White)

Question 14

Describe quartzite

Answer 14

Quartzite is formed when sandstone goes into contact with magma.varies in colour from grey to white.examples are the great sugar loaf (co.wicklow) and croagh Patrick (co.mayo)

Question 15

Name the earths natural resources

Answer 15

Metal ores,precious metals and stones, building material, energy source

Question 16

Name sources of metal ores

Answer 16

Iron ore,copper,lead and zinc

Question 17

Names sources of precious metals and stones

Answer 17

Gold,silver,diamonds

Question 18

Name sources of building materials

Answer 18

Stone sand gravel

Question 19

Sources of energy source

Answer 19

Urainum , oil , natural gas and coal

Question 20

How are minerals recovered

Answer 20

Mining or quarrying

Question 21

What is quarrying used for in Ireland

Answer 21

To extract stone,sand and gravel for the building industry

Question 22

Name the 3 ways of mining

Answer 22

Drilling, open-cast mining and shaft mining

Question 23

Describe drilling

Answer 23

Drilling is used to extract oil or gas from an underground reservoir. Most drilling takes place on land but some takes place offshore. A pipeline on a seabed then brings the fuel to ashore

Question 24

Describe open-cast mining

Answer 24

Open cast mining is used when the resource is on or close the the shore. It is a cheap method of mining but is not environmentally friendly as it is noisy and gives off dust

Question 25

Shaft mining

Answer 25

Is used where the resource lies in the seams deep beneath the surface.they are reached by constructing shafts to reach the seams. It is used to extract lead and zinc ores.

Question 26

What period did quartzite formed at

Answer 26

Folding