Chapter 2 - Rocks Flashcards
What are rocks made up from?
Various minerals and it is held together with cement. Rocks different from there MINERAL CONTENT,COLOUR,TEXTURE AND HARDNESS
What is Rock
Rock is a hard material that makes up the crust
How many groups are rocks divided into and what are they called
3 and they are igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic
How are igneous rocks formed ?
They are formed when a volcano erupts, the magma cools either on the surface or within the crust.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
These are made from remains of other rocks,animals,plants. These come from the beds of seas and lakes and land too. They are then compressed with cement
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Are the rocks that had been changed in shape or form by heat. They are already igneous or sedimentary rocks before being changed
Name the two igneous rocks
Granite and basalt
Name the two sedimentary rocks
Limestone and sandstone
Name the two metamorphic rocks
Quartzite and marble
Describe granite
Granite is formed underground the magma forces it way into the crust,cools slowly and large crystals (quartzite) develop and this gives it a rough texture.the colours vary from grey to black to pink and this is used for building industries and gravestones. Examples in Ireland mourne and Wicklow Mts.
Describe basalt
Basalt is formed on the surface of the earth and cools quickly which is giving it a smooth texture.the lava reaches the surface at a mid ocean ridge or through volcanic cones. It varies in colour from black, to green to dark grey. Examples giants causeway. Can be used co for pavements
Describe limestone
This is formed by collecting remains of plant,animal and rocks on the beds of seas and lakes. They are compressed and cemented together. It is used for monuments and is the raw material for cement.examples are in the burden co.clare. It is also PERMABLE ( allowing water to past through it
How was sandstone formed
When large amounts of sand are worn away from the land,it’s on the sea beds and piles into a big pile of sand is compressed into sandstone. Sandstone cane be red to brown. Used as a building material and examples are McGillicuddy reeks and Comeragh and Galtee
Describe marble
Marble is made when molten magma forces it’s way into limestone.marble is white but can be red green or black when other minerals are present.when marble is polished it has a smooth texture, used for counter tips and found in cork(red) and rathlin island (White)
Describe quartzite
Quartzite is formed when sandstone goes into contact with magma.varies in colour from grey to white.examples are the great sugar loaf (co.wicklow) and croagh Patrick (co.mayo)
Name the earths natural resources
Metal ores,precious metals and stones, building material, energy source
Name sources of metal ores
Iron ore,copper,lead and zinc
Names sources of precious metals and stones
Gold,silver,diamonds
Name sources of building materials
Stone sand gravel
Sources of energy source
Urainum , oil , natural gas and coal
How are minerals recovered
Mining or quarrying
What is quarrying used for in Ireland
To extract stone,sand and gravel for the building industry
Name the 3 ways of mining
Drilling, open-cast mining and shaft mining
Describe drilling
Drilling is used to extract oil or gas from an underground reservoir. Most drilling takes place on land but some takes place offshore. A pipeline on a seabed then brings the fuel to ashore
Describe open-cast mining
Open cast mining is used when the resource is on or close the the shore. It is a cheap method of mining but is not environmentally friendly as it is noisy and gives off dust
Shaft mining
Is used where the resource lies in the seams deep beneath the surface.they are reached by constructing shafts to reach the seams. It is used to extract lead and zinc ores.
What period did quartzite formed at
Folding
