Chapter 2 review questions

Question 1

define: element

Answer 1

Element: pure substance; 1 type of atom

Question 2

Define Compound

Answer 2

substances with more than 1 kind of element concaves

Question 3

define atom

Answer 3

smallest particle of a purse substance (element); composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons

Question 4

define molecule

Answer 4

A particle of matter composed of +1 smaller units called atoms

Question 5

name and define 3 kinds of particles within an atom

Answer 5

electron, proton, neutron

Question 6

define an energy level

Answer 6

regions surrounding nucleus. orbitals are arranged into energy levels (shells) depending on their distance from the nucleus

Question 7

describe a chemical bond

Answer 7

chemical bonds form to make atoms more stable. stable= outer energy level is full.
atoms share, donate or borrow electrons

Question 8

list the major types of chemical bonds

Answer 8

ionic bonds
covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds

Question 9

define an electrolyte.

Answer 9

substance that ionizes (dissociates to form ions) in solution, rendering the solution capable of conducting an electric current

Question 10

Define Ion

Answer 10

electrically charged atom or group of atoms

Question 11

define the terms organic compound and inorganic compound

Answer 11

organic - contain carbon-carbon covalent bonds or carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds.

inorganic - molecules do not contain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds

Question 12

describe how solvent and solute differ

Question 13

identify the most abundant compound in the body

Question 14

explain the concepts of pH

Question 15

explain how an acid and base differ

Question 16

describe the difference between alkalosis and aidosis

Question 17

briefly describe the structure of each of these: protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid

Question 18

briefly state the principal functions of each of these: carbohydrate, protein, lipid, nucleic acid

Question 19

define enzymes and explain the importance of enzymes in the body

Question 20

briefly describe the importance of DNA in the body

Question 21

describe the function of ATP in the body