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Anatomy > Ch 4 - outline > Flashcards

Ch 4 - outline Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main types of tissues?

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

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2
Q

what is matrix?

A
  • internal fluid in the body surrounding cells of each tissue (amount and kind varies by tissue)
  • AKA ECM(extracellular matrix)
  • ## fibers give it gel like consistency
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3
Q

What are 3 matrix types?

A
  1. collagen - protein forms twisted rope fibers providing flexible strength to tissue
  2. elastin - rubbery protein allowing elastic stretch and rebound in tissues (cartilage)
  3. polysaccharides & proteoglycans - links cells, absorbs shock, regulate function, & lubricate.
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4
Q

Epithelial tissue

A
  1. covers body & lines body cavities
  2. very little or no matrix; cells closely connected (forms continuous sheets w/no blood vessels)
  3. classified by arrangement of cells into 1 or more layers
  4. classified by shape of cell
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5
Q

what are the 4 SHAPES of epithelial cells?

A
  1. squamous - flat & scale like
  2. cuboidal - cube
    3.columnar - column
  3. Transitional – tissue cells can change shape as the tissue changes
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6
Q

What are the 2 types of cell arrangements?

A
  1. simple - single layer
  2. stratified - multiple layers
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7
Q

What is Simple Epithelium and what are the 3 types?

A
  • Single layer of cells - allows material to pass
    1. Simple Squamous Epithelium
    2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
    3.Simple Columnar Epithelium
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8
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

thinnest single layer of scale like cells adapted for transport.
- irregular shaped

ex: lungs

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9
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

-single layer of cube like cells often specialized for secretory activity: may secrete into (exocrine) ducts, directly into blood (endocrine), and body surface.
- forms tubes; appears as ring like arrangement

ex:
-exocrine - saliva, digestive juices, sweat
-endocrine - hormones: pituitary, thyroid

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10
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A
  • tall, column cells in a single layer
  • mucus producing goblet cells
  • specialized in absorption

ex: inner lining of stomach, intestines, respiratory and reproductive tracts

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11
Q

What is Stratified Epithelium & what are the 3 types?

A
  • several layers
    1. stratified squamous epithelium
    2. stratified cuboidal epithelium
    3. transitional epithelium
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12
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A
  • several layers of closely packed cells specializing in protection
  • skin & mucus membranes
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13
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

A

2 or more layers of cube like cells; found in sweat glands

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14
Q

Stratified Transitional Epithelium

A
  • in organs needing to expand and stretch: bladder
  • up to 10 layers of roughly cuboidal cells that distort to squamous shape when stretched
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15
Q

What is Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?

A
  • pseudo = false
  • single layer of distorted columnar cells; each touches basement membrane (lies under all epithelial tissues.
  • looks like multiple layers but is only one
    ex: lines trachea (windpipe)
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16
Q

What are the 5 types of connective tissues?

A
  1. fibrous - loose (areolar), adipose, reticular, dense
  2. bone - compact & cancellous (spongy)
    3.cartilage - hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
  3. blood (liquid)
  4. hematopoietic tissue
17
Q

What are the 4 types of Fibrous Connective Tissue?

A
  1. Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue (areolar)
  2. Adipose (fat) Tissue
  3. Reticular Tissue
  4. Dense Fibrous Tissue
18
Q

Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue (areolar)

A
  • fibrous glue (fascia) that holds organs together
  • collagenous and elastic fibers
  • variety of cell types
19
Q

Adipose (fat) Tissue

A
  • white fat stores lipids (triglycerides)
  • brown fat produces heat
  • both regulate metabolism
20
Q

Reticular Tissue

A
  • thin delicate net of collagen fibers as in bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes
21
Q

Dense Fibrous Tissue

A

bundles of strong collagen fibers, densely packed
1. Regular - parallel collagen bundles (tendon)
2. Irregular - chaotic, swirling collagen bundles (deep layer of skin)

22
Q

Connective Bone Tissue & its 2 types

A

matrix is collagen bundles encrusted with calcium mineral crystals.
* functions as support and protection

  1. Compact Bone
  2. Cancellous Bone
23
Q

Compact Bone Tissue

A
  • part of Connective Tissue
  • made up of cylindrical osteons (Haversian systems) (AKA Building Blocks)
  • forms outer walls of bones
24
Q

Cancellous Bone Tissue

A
  • part of Connective Tissue
  • found inside bone made of thin, crisscrossing beams of bone
  • Spongy bone
25
Q

Connective Cartilage Tissue & its 3 types

A
  • matrix is consistency of gristle like gel; chondrocyte (cartilage cells) is cell type
    swiss cheese
    1. Hyaline Cartilage
    2. Fibrocartilage
    3. Elastic Cartilage
26
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

glassy
* most common
- moderate amount of collagen in matrix; forms a flexible gel
- found in rings of respiratory tubes and covers end of bones at the joints

27
Q

Fibrocartilage

A
  • matrix is very dense with collagen
  • forms very tough, hard gel
  • most durable shock absorbers @ vertebrae and knee joint
28
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A
  • matrix has some collagen with elastin; forms a soft, elastic gel
  • ear, voice box, larynx
29
Q

Connective Blood Tissue

A
  • matrix is fluid plasma
  • cell types include RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
  • functions: transportation and protection
30
Q

Connective Hematopoietic Tissue

A
  • blood forming tissue with a liquid matrix
  • found: red marrow, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes
31
Q

Muscle Tissue & its 3 types

A
  • contracts to provide movement or stability; produces body heat
  • hard to heal; replaced by fibrous tissue if injured
    1. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
    2. Cardiac Muscle Tissue
    3. Smooth Muscle Tissue
32
Q

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

A
  • attaches to bones
  • striated (faint cross striations) or voluntary movement
  • multiple nuclei per cell
33
Q

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

A
  • striated (thicker cross striations) involuntary
  • heart wall
  • thicker bands called intercalated disks (*think gaps/hallways)
34
Q

Smooth Muscle Tissue

A
  • nonstriated (visceral) or involuntary - (no cross striations)
  • blood vessels or tube like organs
  • 1 nucleus
35
Q

Nervous Tissue and its 2 types

A

Function to provide rapid communication between structures and control of body functions
1. Neurons (nerve cells)
2. Glia (neuroglia)

found in brain, spinal cord, nerves

36
Q

Neurons (nerve cells)

A
  • conduction cells
  • have 1 cell body and 2 processes
    1. axon (one) - carries away from the cell
    2. dendrites (one or more) - carries towards the cell
37
Q

Glia (neuroglia)

A

connecting and supportive cells

Anatomy (17 decks)

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