Ch 1 - outline

Question 1

what are the 3 steps of the scientific method?

Answer 1

1. hypothesis- idea
2. experiment - multiple tests
3. theory or law - hypothesis supported by experiments

Question 2

what are the levels of organization of body structure?

Answer 2

1. atoms and molecules
2. cells
3. tissues
4. organs
5. systems
6. organism - all systems together forming a whole body.
7. microbiome - interacting communities of bacteria in the body; influencing total normal body function

Question 3

anatomical position

Answer 3

the body stands erect with the arms at the sides and palms turned forward

Question 4

anatomical direction:
superior & inferior

Answer 4

superior - toward the head; above
inferior - toward the feet; below

Question 5

anatomical direction:
Anterior & posterior

Answer 5

anterior - front, ventral
posterior - back, dorsal

Question 6

anatomical direction:
Medial & lateral

Answer 6

medial - toward the midline of a structure
lateral - away from the midline or toward the side of a structure

Question 7

anatomical direction:
proximal & distal

Answer 7

proximal - toward or nearest the trunk
distal - away from the or furthest from the trunk

Question 8

anatomical direction:
superficial & deep

Answer 8

superficial - near the body surface
deep - farther away from the body surface

Question 9

sagittal and midsagittal plane

Answer 9

sagittal - lengthwise plane that divides a structure into right and left sections
midsagittal - sagittal plane dividing the body into two equal halves

Question 10

front (coronal) plane:

Answer 10

lengthwise plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior sections

Question 11

transverse plane

Answer 11

horizontal plane that divides a structure into upper and lower sections

Question 12

oblique plane

Answer 12

any plane that is not parallel to any of the planes listed previously, thus producing a slanted section

Question 13

what is part of the dorsal cavity?

Answer 13

cranial cavity - brain
spinal cavity - spinal cord

Question 14

what is part of the ventral cavity?

Answer 14

thoracic cavity:
- mediastinum: heart, trachea
- pleural cavity: lungs
abdominopelvic cavity:
- abdominal cavity: stomach intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen
- pelvic cavity: reproductive organs, urinary bladder, lowest part of the intestine

Question 15

what are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants?

Answer 15

RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ

Question 16

what are the 9 abdominopelvic regions?

Question 17

what is in the axial region of the body?

Answer 17

head, neck, torso

Question 18

what is in the appendicular region of the body?

Answer 18

upper and lower extremities