Chapter 2 (part 2): Sports injury prevention

Question 1

Public health problem

Answer 1

-personal and social costs
-financial costs
ex: high school sport estimate $5.5-19.2 billion

Question 2

What is an accident?

Answer 2

something unforeseen, random occurrence
ex: equipment failure, slippery playing surface

Question 3

What is a injury?

Answer 3

varies from sport to sport
ex: wrist injury in basketball vs. wrist injury in tennis (more overuse)

Question 4

How do we define injury?

Answer 4

no agreed definition among literature
criteria: sport component, medical consultation, time loss from participation

Question 5

Primary prevention

Answer 5

action taken prior to sport injury
-includes the entire population of interest
-most prevention strategies fall into this category
ex: mouth guards, helmets

Question 6

Secondary prevention

Answer 6

prior to injury occurrence among individuals deemed to be at an evaluated risk for sport injury
-individuals with one or more risk factors

Question 7

Whats Maddison and Prapavessis (2005) an example of?

Answer 7

stress management intervention with rugby players who were low in social support and high in avoidance coping

Question 8

Tertiary prevention

Answer 8

athletes are treated as soon as possible after injury occurrence to prevent long term problems
-improve long term quality of life
-most treatment that athletes receive for their injury (most prevention that we see)

Question 9

Why do we need injury prevention programs?

Answer 9

-reduce risk of noncontact and indirect contact injuries
-improve biomechanics, muscle activation, & decrease landing impact forces
-improve balance
-improve strength and power
-improve functional performance

**INJURY, REDUCTION & PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT

Question 10

NATA Injury Prevention Position Statement

Answer 10

-there is not ONE specific injury prevention program
-multicomponent program
-general guidelines included in the development of the program

Question 11

Rehab specialist should provide what?

Answer 11

feedback on movement techniques in at least 3 of the following:
-strength
-plyometrics
-agility
-balance
-flexibility

Question 12

What is missing from the NATA position statement?

Answer 12

the psychological components

Question 13

to prevent injuries caused by stress, the intervention should focus on

Answer 13

-altering the cognitive appraisals or potentially stressful event
-modifying the physiological attentional aspects of the stress response

Question 14

Practical implications for intervention

Answer 14

-All personnel in an athletes career should be educated about psychological factors that may contribute to injury.
-introduce group or individual sessions during offseason
-introduce components that might lessen the impact of pre-injury factors

Question 15

Who are the personnel?

Answer 15

family, athletic trainers, coaches, teammates

Question 16

Why offseason?

Answer 16

less stressful time period so when stress happens we know how to implement techniques and its not adding another thing on top of the season

Question 17

Types of intervention

Answer 17

*somatic techniques
*cognitive techniques
*under arousal

Question 18

Somatic techniques

Answer 18

muscle to mind - focus primarily on bodily aspects
-breath and control, effective & easy
-holding breath leads to muscle tension, breathing out decreases muscle tension
-with training use less effort and energy to breath = decrease oxygen demand
-relaxes muscles, provides mental break, renews energy, distracts from stimuli

Question 19

Somatic technique examples

Answer 19

progressive muscle relaxation
- involved tensing and relaxing specific muscles
biofeedback
-immediate feedback on physiological states
-learn to control your body with mind; application

Question 20

Cognitive techniques

Answer 20

mind to muscle - focus on efferent nerve control

Question 21

Cognitive technique example

Answer 21

autogenic training
-produces sensation of warmth and heaviness
-use of specific themes to assist in causing relaxation
phases: heavy extremities, warm extremities, regulated HR, regulated breathing, warm abdomen, cool forehead

Question 22

Under arousal symptoms

Answer 22

-sluggish posture
-easily distracted
-lack of concern for own performance
-lack of enthusiasm

Question 23

Under arousal techniques

Answer 23

-increase breathing rate
-key mood words
-positive statements
-music
-fake it till you make it
-energizing imagery