Chapter 1: Biopsychosocial foundations of Sport Injury

Question 1

What does the Biomedical model focus on?

Answer 1

physical and biological aspect of the disease or illness associated with the diagnosis, cure, and treatment of the disease
-mind and body are SEPARATE entities and that health is ONLY effected by physical factors

Question 2

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 2

relating to or concerned with the biological, psychological and social aspects

Question 3

What is injury?

Answer 3

a biological phenomenon

Question 4

What are the characteristics of injury?

Answer 4

-mechanism
-location
-type
-severity

Question 5

What regards mechanism in an injury?

Answer 5

traumatic vs overuse

Question 6

What regards location in an injury?

Answer 6

-upper extremity vs lower extremity
-knee vs shoulder

Question 7

What regards to type in an injury?

Answer 7

fracture vs sprain

Question 8

What regards to severity in an injury?

Answer 8

-grade 1 vs grade 3
-time loss
*thought can influence our perception

Question 9

What are the three overlapping phases of the healing process?

Answer 9

1. inlfammatory reponse
2. fibroplastic repair
   3.maturation-remodeling

Question 10

Inflammatory response phase

Answer 10

symptoms: swelling, pain, warmth, crepitus
-direct destruction of soft tissue cells
-vascular reaction
-cellular reaction

Question 11

Fibroblastic-Repair Phase

Answer 11

-proliferate, regenerate activity
-leads to a period of scar formation (fibroplasia)
-repair of injured tissue

Question 12

Maturation

Answer 12

….

Question 13

What can happen during the inflammatory stage?

Answer 13

control swelling, control pain, restore integrity of injured

Question 14

What can happen during the fibroplastic repair?

Answer 14

-restore reflex reactions
-restore strength and endurance
-restore control of volitional contractions
-restore range of motion

Question 15

What can happen during maturation remodeling phase?

Answer 15

-return to functional activities
-restore pattern generated movements

Question 16

Endocrine

Answer 16

changes in response to stress

Question 17

Musculoskeletal

Answer 17

injury location; executes rehab activities; signifies recovery through functional behavior

Question 18

Nervous

Answer 18

injury location; mediates cognitive and behavioral interventions

Question 19

Psychological side of the model

Answer 19

-perception
-cognition
-emotion
-motivation
-behavior

Question 20

Perception

Answer 20

interpreting or making sense of sensory input
-perceiving injury versus discomfort
*perception is reality

Question 21

Cognition

Answer 21

associated with thinking and knowing
1. structure
2. content
3. process

Question 22

Cognitive structure

Answer 22

relates to the way in which thoughts are organized
(ex: cars)
*behavior is based NOT on physical symptoms BUT on the BELIEFS about physical symptoms and what they mean

Question 23

Cognitive Content

Answer 23

WHAT a person is thinking
-encompasses peoples’ thoughts, images, and self talk
-positive vs negative content

Question 24

Cognitive Process

Answer 24

HOW people think, know, and pertain to input, storage, and transformation, and output of information, within a cognitive system
-memory, attention, attribution, decision making

Question 25

Emotion is characterized by

Answer 25

• physiological arousal
  -expressed actions
  -experienced feelings
  (happiness, sadness, fear, confidence)

Question 26

Motivation

Answer 26

fear that drives and directs behavior
-extrinsic vs. intrinsic

Question 27

Behavior

Answer 27

observable actions
-athletes aggressive play increases risk of injury

Question 28

Learning

Answer 28

athletes acquire skills to reduce stress and decrease vulnerability to injury

Question 29

Personality

Answer 29

an optimistic athlete preserves throughout a lengthy rehab

Question 30

Psychopathology

Answer 30

athlete replaces sport participation with adverse coping mechanism
(depression can lead to substance abuse)

Question 31

Social part of the model

Answer 31

should NOT be underestimated
-culture of risk
-social support

Question 32

Culture of risk

Answer 32

-socialized to accept pain and injury
-encouraged to ignore pain and play hurt
-reinforced for concealing injuries

Question 33

Real life examples of culture risk

Answer 33

-Kerri Strug
-Micheal Jordan with flu
-Tiger woods with knee

Question 34

What athlete did not conform?

Answer 34

Jay Cutler

Question 35

Social support

Answer 35

-assistance one actually receives
- assistance on perceives as being available from others
-tangible
-emotion
-informational

Question 36

Biopsychological approach to injury prevention, injury, and rehab

Answer 36

addresses the whole person
-the mind impacts the body and vice versa