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PSC 135 > Chapter 2 part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

autonomic and somatic

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3
Q

autonomic nervous system

A
  • involuntary
  • sends and receives information to regulate the autonomic behaviors of the body

-control heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion

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4
Q

somatic nervous system

A
  • voluntary
  • sends sensory info to CNS
  • sensory + motor input
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5
Q

autonomic nervous system subdivisions

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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6
Q

sympathetic

A
  • fight or flight

- ramps up our system

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7
Q

parasympathetic

A
  • rest and digest

- decreases functions

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8
Q

advantage of having the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

A

having two systems that do different functions increases the speed which helps us survive

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9
Q

grey matter

A
  • cell bodies of our neurons
  • Brain: outside
  • Spinal cord: inside
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10
Q

white matter

A
  • axons wrapped in myelin
  • brain: inside
  • Spinal cord: outside
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11
Q

what is a nerve

A
  • a cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system
  • large group of neurons
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12
Q

brainstem

A

-midbrain, pons, medulla

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13
Q

medulla

A
  • responsible for vital reflexes and functions needed to stay alive
  • respiration, heart beat
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14
Q

pons

A

-controls muscle movements/functions

  • walking
  • sleep/ arousal
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15
Q

cerebellum

A
  • balance and coordination
  • helps regulate motor movements
  • important for shifting attention between auditory and visual stimuli
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16
Q

midbrain

A
  • movement
  • motor functions
  • some visual and auditory = localization stuff
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17
Q

thalamus

A
  • relay station for all sensory information

- except olfactory

18
Q

hypothalamus

A

-four F’s: feeding, fighting, fleeing, sex

19
Q

pituitary gland

A

produces hormones

20
Q

corpus callosum

A

-connects the left and right hemispheres

21
Q

limbic system

A
  • group of structures involved emotions
  • cingulatee gyrus, amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus
  • associated with motivation, emotion, drives, and aggression
22
Q

hippocampus

A

-memory functions

23
Q

amygdala

A

-involve with fear response

24
Q

basal ganglia

A
  • voluntary movement
  • reward and learning
  • motor control

-damage seen in Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease

25
Q

cerebral cortex

A
  • whole layers outside of the brain
  • made of gray matter (cell bodies)
  • info processing
26
Q

ventricles

A
  • fluid filled spaces in the interior of the brain
  • Hollow filled with CSF
  • Cushion the interior of the brain
  • Also helps get rid of waste

-With age and all sorts of disorders the ventricles get bigger
Due to loss of tissue so they take up the space

27
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • motor cortex, decision making, planning, impulse control, higher level thinking
  • Humans have higher prefrontal cortex than all other species
28
Q

parietal lobe

A
  • posterior (behind) central sulcus
  • Somatosensory (sense of touch)
  • Visual association cortex = higher level visual processing
  • Attention processing (visual, etc)
29
Q

temporal lobe

A
  • auditory functions
  • Hippocampus = memory
  • Olfactory (smell)
  • Primary auditory cortex
30
Q

occipital lobe

A
  • towards the back of the head
  • visual functions
  • primary visual cortex
31
Q

central sulcus

A

-separates frontal and parietal lobe

32
Q

lateral (sylvan) fissure

A

separating the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobe

33
Q

longitudinal (interhemispheric) fissure

A

-a groove that separates the two hemispheres

34
Q

primary sensory cortices (visual, etc.)

A

processing all touch information

35
Q

gyrus (gyri)

A

a convulsion of the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres,

36
Q

sulci

A

-a groove that surface of the cerebral hemisphere

37
Q

fissure

A
  • major grooves in the surface of the brain

- larger than a sulcus

38
Q

purpose of gyri, sulci, and fissures

A

increase the surface area of the brain to fit all the processing power into a small space

39
Q

homunculus

A
  • a representation of the various sizes in somatosensory cortex
  • areas that are bigger: have more representation in cortex, have denser receptor fields, more receptors in our touch areas
40
Q

2 additional names of primary visual cortex

A
  • V1

- striate cortex

41
Q

5 steps of neural development

A
  1. Induction of the Neural Plate
  2. Neural Proliferation
  3. Migration and Aggression
  4. Axon Growth and Synapse Formation
  5. Neuron Death and Synapse Rearrangement
42
Q

neurogenesis …does it occur in the adult brain?

A
  • growth of new neurons

- we do have growth of new neurons as adults, but is limited to the hippocampus

PSC 135 (18 decks)

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