Chapter 2 Page 47-60 Flashcards
What is able to dissolve molecules due to
H bonding interactions
When are electrostatic (ionic) interactions strongest
In a vaccume when D=1
What is the distance for maximal bond strength
3A
When are ionic/electrostatic interactions strongest
In nonpolar solvents (not water)
What are the most common electronegative atoms in h bonding interactions
O and. N
H bonds are _____ than covalent bonds
Weaker and longer
H bonding between two molecules is stronger when
There’s no water
What is transient asymmetry
What does it do
When charges in an atom are not equal at any point in time (unequal distribution of charges)
It influences other atoms and indices a complimentary asymmetry in the other atoms
This cause attraction between the two molecules
If you add a 2 nonpolar molecules to water what happens
If adding 1 The entropy of the system decreases because the water molecules around the nonpolar compound are more ordered
If both the entropy increase and the two polar molecules come together and realese the order water molecules between them
What is the hydrophobic effect driven by
Entropy
In a biological systems what happens if ph is changed
It can alter the weak bonds that maintain the structure of the molecules, which could lead to loss in function
Ionic bonds may be weakened or disappear, and h bonds may or may not form
If h concentration is high then
Oh must be low
Higher ka
Stronger acid
What’s the relation ship between pka and ph
Pka is the ph at which the acid is half dissociated
If something has pka of 5, a ph below that is where ___ dominates
A ph above that is where ____ dominates
Protonated form (HA)
Deprotonated form (A-)
What is the buffering range of acetate
Ch3coo-
3.76-5.76
What is the buffering range of phosphate
Hpo4-
5.86-7.86
What is the buffering range of nh3
8.25-10.25
Why are buffers important in biological systems
During biochemistry experiments, the bio molecules that are being research are sensitive to ph so they need buffers to keep proper ph during experiments
Also to understand how living organism controls the ph of its internal environment
What is brownian motion
Movement of particles due to the fluctuations of energy in the environment
This movement is the vital energy source for life
