Oxidstive Phosphorylation 2 Flashcards
What is the proton motive force
After he first part of the ETC, a h gradients is made with more h in the ims
As well as a voltage gradient
This makes a PMF where the gradient is use to make atp
What is the structure of the ATP synthase
Has a c ring made of 8-15 c subunits
Made of a exterior column (stator)
A central stalk
A hexameric ring
What subunits make the exterior column of the atp synthase
a
b2
S
What subunits make the hexameric ring of the atp synthase
Three alpha and 3 beta subunits
Aletranating
What subunits make the central stalk of the atp synthase
Y and E
When is the c ring part of the atp synthase
What’s the rest
In the membrane
Below the membrane in the IMM
Are all the beta subunits in the hexameric ring the same function
Why
No
They each interact with a different face of the y subunit of the stalk
What did the three beta subunits in the hexameric ring do and
what forms are they in and why
They each bind and release nucleotides by interacting with the y of the stalk
The y of the stalk affect their form
O open
L loose
T tight
What is the binding change mechanism of atp synthase
One beta subunit can do a trapping, synthesis, and release process of atp by changing its conformation
binding change mechanism of atp synthase process
All the beta subunits has adp and pi in it
The t confirmation at the bottom makes these into atp
If the y rotates by 120 degrees, CCW, the L form is into T from the the previous T from is in O form
The now O form with ATP in it releases atp and fills back up with adp and pi
What makes it so the the Y actually rotates
It spends on the A and C subunits
The a subunit of the column has two hydrophilic half channels
Each of these channels interacts with the one of the c subunit channels
What is the way the Y rotates
A protons moves from the IMS into the intemembrane half channel of subunit a
Glutamate on subunit c is protonated at this intermembrane half channel
This makes it so that the protonated Glutamate rotates the c subunit it in CW into the hydrophobic part of the membrane
This rotation of c rotates Y
after the rotation, the h on anoth glu in the other c subunit is moved through the matrix half channel into the matrix
How is cytoplasmic NAD+ remade for glycolysis under anaerobic conditions
Fermentation of pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate
How is cytoplasmic NADH re oxidized to NAD+ for glycolysis under aerobic conditions (there is oxygen)
It can’t move to the mitochondria to be oxidize to nad+ through the ETC because the inner mitochondrial membrane doesn’t let it pass through
So, Instead of Nadh actually moving, its electrons are moved across the membrane
How are the electrons of NADH moved across membrane
By the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle
